Iveliswa njani iGlasi ngeNyathelo?

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yenziwe njani iglasi kwiifestile zakho? Iglasi iye yaveliswa kangangamawaka eminyaka, iguquka ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi sixhobo sibalulekileyo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bale mihla, ukusuka kwizakhiwo ukuya kwizinto zemihla ngemihla. Kule post, uya kufunda inyathelo ngenyathelo lenkqubo yendlela iglasi eyenziwe ngayo, ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo.

1. Izinto eziKhwezi ezisetyenziswa kwiMveliso yeGlasi

Iglasi yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo eye yasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yintoni eza kuyenza? Izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeglasi zezi:

• Isanti ye-silica (SiO2): Le nto iyona nto iphambili, eyenza malunga ne-70-75% yokwakheka okupheleleyo. Inika i-silicon efunekayo kunye nee-athomu ze-oksijini kwisakhiwo seglasi.

• I-Soda ash (i-sodium carbonate, i-Na2CO3): Yongezwa ekunciphiseni indawo yokuncibilika kwe-silica, okwenza inkqubo ibe namandla ngakumbi. Kwakhona kwandisa ukusebenza kweglasi etyhidiweyo.

• I-Limestone (i-calcium carbonate, i-CaCO3): Ingenisa i-calcium oxide kumxube, ophucula ukuqina kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali kwimveliso yokugqibela.

• I-Dolomite (MgO): Igalelo le-magnesium oxide, iphucula ngakumbi ubulukhuni beglasi kunye nokuqina.

• I-Feldspar (Al2O3): Isebenza njenge-flux, inciphisa ukushisa okunyibilikayo kunye nokuphucula ukucaca kweglasi.

• I-Cullet (iglasi esetyenzisiweyo): Ukusebenzisa i-cullet kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nesidingo semathiriyeli ekrwada. Kwakhona kunceda ekugcineni ubunyulu beglasi.

• Izongezo zombala kunye neepropathi ezikhethekileyo: Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeoksidi zetsimbi zingongezwa ukunika umbala okanye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokumelana ne-UV, ukufunxwa kwe-infrared, okanye ukonyuka kwamandla.

Umgangatho wale mathiriyeli ekrwada ubalulekile, njengaku ukuveliswa kwebhotile yeglasi yokuthambisa , apho ulawulo oluluqilima lubalulekile.

Ukulingana kunye nokuxutywa kweMathiriyeli ekrwada

Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wezithako kwibhetshi yeglasi zezi:

yezinto eziphathekayo	Ipesenti
Isanti yesilika	70-75%
Uthuthu lwesoda	12-18%
Ilitye lekalika	5-12%
IDolomite	0-5%
Feldspar	0-5%
Cullet	20-30%

Le milinganiselo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiipropati ezifunwayo zemveliso yokugqibela. Iimathiriyeli ekrwada zilinganiswe ngononophelo kwaye zixutywe kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-batching. Oku kuqinisekisa umxube we-homogeneous phambi kokuba ufakwe eziko.

Ulawulo lomgangatho lubalulekile kweli nqanaba. Ukucoceka kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziluhlaza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho weglasi eveliswayo. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nentsimbi, ichromium, okanye icobalt zinokubangela umbala ongafunekiyo okanye iziphene kwimveliso yokugqibela. Uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni zisetyenziswa ukugcina eyona migangatho iphezulu.

2. Inkqubo yokunyibilika nokusulungekiswa

Nje ukuba izinto ezikrwada zixutywe, lixesha lokuba kwenzeke umlingo. Ibhetshi ifakwa eziko, apho inyibilikiswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamaziko asetyenziswa kwimveliso yeglasi:

• Iziko lembiza

• Iziko letanki

Ukukhethwa kwesithando somlilo kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wemveliso kunye neemfuno ezithile zeglasi eyenziwayo.

Inkqubo yokunyibilika yenzeka kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-1500°C ukuya kwi-1600°C. Kwezi meko zinzima kakhulu, imathiriyeli ekrwada idibana neekhemikhali. Ziyaqhekeka kwaye zidibanise kunye zenze i-homogeneous mass etyhidiweyo.

Ngexesha lokunyibilika, iigesi ezifana nekharbon diokside kunye nomphunga wamanzi ziyakhutshwa. Ukunyibilika kwakhona kuyacokiswa ukususa nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo okanye amaqamza. Oku kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukucaca kunye nokuhambelana kwimveliso yokugqibela.

Imbiza Yeziko

• Ifanelekile kwimveliso encinci

• Umthamo oqhelekileyo: iitoni ze-18-21

• Ivumela ukunyibilika kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeglasi ngaxeshanye

• Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ubuchule bokuvuthela umlomo kwiziqwenga zobugcisa

Iziko leembiza zilungele imisebenzi encinci okanye imveliso ekhethekileyo. Banikezela ukuguquguquka kunye nokulawula inkqubo yokunyibilika.

Tanki Furnace

• Ilungele imveliso enkulu, eqhubekayo

• Umthamo ungafikelela kwiitoni ezingama-2000

• Iqukethe itanki enkulu eyenziwe ngezinto eziphikisayo

• Utyisa iglasi etyhidiweyo ngokuthe ngqo koomatshini bokuzenzela

Iziko leetanki ngamahashe okusebenza kwishishini leglasi. Bavumela ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kobuninzi beglasi. Iglasi etyhidiweyo ibekwe kwimeko kwaye yondliwe ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini wokwenza, okwenza inkqubo engenamthungo nesebenzayo.

Inqanaba lokunyibilika kunye nokusulungekiswa yintliziyo yemveliso yeglasi. Kulapho imathiriyeli ekrwada iguqulwa ibe yinto ethambileyo, engafihliyo. Uhlobo lweziko, ulawulo lobushushu, neendlela zokulicokisa zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.

Kwicandelo elilandelayo, siza kuphonononga ukuba le glasi ityhidiweyo imile njani kwaye yenziwe njani kwiimveliso esizisebenzisa yonke imihla. Ukusuka kwiifestile ukuya kwiibhotile, amathuba angenasiphelo.

3. Ukwenza kunye nokuBumba iGlasi

Iglasi etyhidiweyo, ngoku ikhululekile kubumdaka, ilungele ukubunjwa. Apha kulapho ubugcisa bokwenyani kunye nezinto ezintsha kungena khona. Makhe siphonononge ezinye zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni kunye nokubumba iglasi.

Inkqubo yeglasi edadayo

Olunye lolona phuhliso lwenguqu kwimveliso yeglasi yinkqubo yeglasi edadayo. Kubandakanya ukugalela iglasi etyhidiweyo ebhedini yetoti etyhidiweyo. Iglasi idada phezu kwetoti, isasazeke kwaye yenze umphezulu ogudileyo, osicaba.

Ubukhulu beglasi bunokulawulwa ngesantya esitsalwa ngaso kwibhafu yetoti. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuveliswa kweglasi kunye nobukhulu obufanayo kunye nomgangatho othe tyaba okhethekileyo. Yindlela yokuya kwindlela yokwenza amaphepha amakhulu eglasi ekumgangatho ophezulu kwiifestile, izipili, nokunye.

Ubuchwephesha bokuBumba obuSekwe kuMngundo

• Ukuvuthela : Iglobhu yeglasi enyibilikisiweyo incanyathiselwe kumbhobho ovuthelayo. Umoya uvuthelwa kuyo, ibangela ukuba yande kwaye ithathe ubume bokubumba. Obu buchule busetyenziswa ukwenza iibhotile, iingqayi, nezinye izitya ezingenanto.

• Ukucinezela : Iglasi etyhidiweyo igalelwa kwi-mold kwaye icinezelwe kwimilo usebenzisa i-plunger. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukwenza izitya, izitya, kunye nezinye izinto ezisicaba okanye ezingekho nzulu.

• Umzobo : Iglasi etyhidiweyo izotywa ukuya phezulu ngothotho lweziqengqe kwaye zenziwe zibe yiityhubhu okanye iintonga. Le ndlela yobugcisa isetyenziselwa ukwenza imicu yeglasi, iimpawu zeneon, kunye nezinye izinto ezinde ezibhityileyo.

zobuChwephesha	Iimveliso
Ukuvuthela	Iibhotile, iingqayi, iivazi
Ukucinezela	Izitya, izitya, iilensi
Umzobo	Imibhobho, iintonga, iifibers

Iinkqubo zokuQinisa ezizenzekelayo

Kwimveliso yeglasi yanamhlanje, ezininzi zezi ndlela zizenzekelayo. Oomatshini banokuvuthela, bacinezele, kwaye bazobe iglasi ngokuchanekileyo nangesantya esimangalisayo. Oku kuvumela ukuveliswa kobuninzi beemveliso zeglasi ezihambelanayo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukwenziwa kwesandla vs. Ukwenziwa komatshini

• Imveliso encinci : Ihlala ixhomekeke kubuchule bokwenza izandla, ivumela amaqhekeza akhethekileyo, amagcisa. Cinga ngeevasi ezivuthelwa ngesandla okanye imizobo yeglasi eqingqiweyo.

• Imveliso enkulu : Isebenzisa ukwenziwa komatshini ukuvelisa inani elikhulu leemveliso ezisemgangathweni. Le yindlela ezininzi iifestile, iibhotile, kunye neeglasi ezenziwe ngayo.

Ukhetho phakathi kokwenziwa kwesandla kunye nomatshini kuxhomekeke kwisiphumo esifunwayo kunye nomlinganiselo wemveliso. Ngelixa oomatshini bebonelela ngokusebenzayo kunye nokungaguquguquki, ukwenziwa kwezandla kuvumela ukuyila kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Inqanaba lokubumba kunye nokubumba kulapho iglasi ithatha imo yayo yokugqibela. Ukususela ekuchanekeni kweglasi edadayo ukuya kubuchwephesha beziqwenga ezivuthelwe ngesandla, amathuba angenasiphelo. Kwicandelo elilandelayo, siza kuphonononga ukuba ezi zinto zisanda kwenziwa zeglasi zipholiswa njani kwaye zigqitywe kwimfezeko.

4. Ukupholisa kunye nokupholisa

Unokucinga ukuba xa iglasi sele yenziwe, ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Kodwa kukho inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliza kulandela: ukucima. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukomelela kunye nokuqina kwemveliso yokugqibela.

Injongo yokuAnealing

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwenza, iglasi iphantsi kobushushu obunamandla kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokudala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwezinto. Ukuba alulungiswanga, olu xinzelelo lunokwenza iglasi ibe brittle kwaye ithande ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka.

I-Anealing sisisombululo sale ngxaki. Kubandakanya ukupholisa kancinci iglasi ukukhulula ezo zixinzelelo zangaphakathi. Le nkqubo ivumela iamolekyu ukuba ziphumle kwaye zilungelelanise, okubangela ukuba ibe namandla, imveliso ezinzileyo.

Ukupholisa okuLawulweyo

Isitshixo sokupholisa ngempumelelo kukulawula ukupholisa. Ukuba iglasi iphola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, isenokwenza uxinzelelo kunye nobuthathaka. Izinga lokupholisa kufuneka lilawulwe ngononophelo ukuvumela ukuthomalalisa okufanelekileyo koxinzelelo.

Kulapho i-annealing lehr ingena khona. Ligumbi elilawulwa yiqondo lobushushu elidlula iglasi emva kokwenza. I-lehr ngokuthe ngcembe ithoba ubushushu beglasi ngexesha elithile.

I-Anealing Lehr

I-annealing lehr yinde, isakhiwo esifana netonela. Yahlulahlulwe yazizowuni ezininzi, nganye igcinwa kubushushu obuthile. Njengoko iglasi ihamba kwi-lehr, ipholiswa kancinane ukusuka malunga ne-1000 ° F (538 ° C) ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa.

Iprofayile yobushushu obuchanekileyo kunye nesantya sokupholisa sixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lweglasi, ubukhulu bayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Umzekelo, iglasi etyebileyo ifuna isantya sokupholisa esicothayo ukuze kuvumeleke ukuthotywa okufanelekileyo.

Ubude bexesha lokupholisa kunye neeReyithi

Inkqubo yokufunxa ingathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nobunzima beglasi. Iziqwenga ezinkulu, ezityebileyo zifuna ixesha elingakumbi lokupholisa ngokulinganayo nangokupheleleyo. Izinga lokupholisa lokutyeba

kweglasi	(°F/yure)
< 1/8 intshi	500
1/8 - 1/4 intshi	400
1/4 - 1/2 intshi	300
> 1/2 intshi	200

Amazinga okupholisa aqhelekileyo kwiglasi yesoda yekalika

Ukufunxa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuveliseni iglasi eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo, kwaye imelane nokuqhekeka. Linyathelo elingabonakaliyo kodwa elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweglasi.

5. Iinkqubo zokugqiba

Siyibonile indlela iglasi enyibilika ngayo, iyilwe, kwaye inyibilika ngayo. Kodwa uhambo alupheli apho. Iglasi edibeneyo ingena kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba ukufezekisa ifom yayo yokugqibela kunye nomsebenzi.

Ukusika kunye nobukhulu

Okokuqala, iglasi iyasikwa ngobukhulu obufunwayo kunye nokuma. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neesarha ezinencam yedayimani okanye izisiki zelaser. Ukuchaneka kwenkqubo yokusika kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ucoceko oluchanekileyo, oluchanekileyo.

Ukusila kunye nokupholisha

Emva koko, imiphetho yeglasi iphantsi kwaye iphuculwe ukususa nabuphi na uburhabaxa okanye izitenxo. Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa amavili abrasive okanye amabhanti. Inkqubo yokusila idala indawo egudileyo, elinganayo nekhuselekile ukuyiphatha nokuphatha.

Ezinye iimveliso zeglasi, njengezibuko okanye iilensi, zifuna ukupolisha okongeziweyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukugqwesa okuphezulu. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa abrasives ngokuqhubekayo de ibe inqanaba elinqwenelekayo lokucaca kunye nokubonakala liphunyeziwe.

Edge Treatments

Imiphetho yeglasi inokunyangwa ukhuseleko okanye ubuhle:

• I-Seaming : Ukurhangqwa okuncinci kwimiphetho ukususa ububukhali

• Ukupholisha okucaba : Ukudala umphetho ogudileyo, osicaba

• Beveling : Ukusika i-engile emphethweni wesiphumo sokuhombisa

Ukufudumeza kwiglasi yoKhuseleko

Kwizicelo apho ukhuseleko luyinkxalabo, iglasi ingena kwinkqubo yokufudumala. Oku kubandakanya ukufudumeza iglasi ukuya kwi-1200 ° F (649 ° C) kwaye emva koko ipholise ngokukhawuleza ngeejethi zomoya.

Inkqubo yobushushu idala uxinzelelo olucinezelayo kumphezulu weglasi, iyenza yomelele kwaye ixhathise ngakumbi ukuphuka. Ukuba iglasi epholileyo yophuka, iqhekeka ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, abuthuntu kunokuba abe ziintlanti ezibukhali.

Lamination for Amandla kunye noKhuseleko

Iglasi elayitiweyo lolunye uhlobo lweglasi yokhuseleko. Yenziwe ngokudibanisa umaleko wefilimu yeplastiki phakathi kwamaphepha amabini okanye ngaphezulu eglasi. Iimaleko ke zidityaniswe kunye phantsi kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.

Ukuba iglasi elaminethiweyo yophuka, iplasitiki interlayer ibamba amaqhekeza kunye, ukuthintela amaqhekeza ayingozi ukuba abhabhe ngaphandle. Oku kuyenza ilungele usetyenziso olunje ngeefestile zomoya zemoto, izibane zezulu, kunye neefestile zokhuseleko.

Izicelo zokugquma

Iglasi nayo inokugqunywa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula iipropathi zayo okanye inkangeleko:

• Iingubo ezibonisa ukukhanya : Nciphisa ukukhanya kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla

• Iingubo ezisezantsi (Low-E) : Vimba ukusasazeka kwemitha ye-infrared ukwenzela ukugquma okungcono

• Iingubo zokuzicoca ngokwakho : Sebenzisa izinto ze-photocatalytic ukudiliza ukungcola kunye nokungcola

• Iingubo ezichasene ne-reflective : Nciphisa ukubonakaliswa kokubonakala okungcono

zoNxibelelwano	IiNzuzo
Ukuzibonakalisa	Ukunciphisa ukukhanya, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Phantsi-E	I-insulation ephuculweyo, ukonga amandla
Ukuzicoca	Ukugcinwa lula, iindawo ezicocekileyo
I-Anti-reflective	Ukubonakala okuphuculweyo, ukunciphisa ubunzima bamehlo

6. Ukupakisha kunye nokusabalalisa

Isinyathelo sokugqibela kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iglasi kukupakisha kunye nokusabalalisa. Nje ukuba iglasi iphumelele zonke iitshekhi zomgangatho, ilungele ukupakishwa kwaye ithunyelwe kubathengi.

Izinto zokuPakisha eziKhuselekileyo

Iglasi ibuthathaka, ngoko ke ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ngexesha lothutho. Izinto zokupakisha ezisetyenzisiweyo zixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhulu bemveliso yeglasi.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokupakisha ezikhuselayo ziquka:

• Iibhokisi zekhadibhodi ezinamazinki

• Ukufakwa kwe-foam okanye iplastiki

• Ukusonga ibhabhu okanye imiqamelo yomoya

• Ukupakisha amandongomane okanye i-cushioning yephepha

Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngesithintelo ngokuchasene neempembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwaphuka.

Ukuleyibhile kunye nolwazi lweMveliso

Iphakheji nganye ibhalwe ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lwemveliso:

• Igama lemveliso kunye nenkcazo

• Imilinganiselo kunye nobunzima

• Umenzi kunye nemvelaphi

• Ibhetshi okanye inombolo yeqashiso

• Ukhuseleko kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha

Olu lwazi lunceda kulawulo lwempahla, ukulandeleka, kunye nonxibelelwano lwabathengi. Iikhowudi zebha okanye iikhowudi zeQR zinokusetyenziselwa ukuskena lula kunye nokulandela umkhondo.

Ezothutho kunye noLungiselelo

Iimveliso zeglasi ezipakishiweyo zilayishwa kwiipalethi okanye kwizikhongozeli zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Indlela yothutho ixhomekeke kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye nobukhulu bothutho:

• Iilori zothutho lwasekhaya okanye lwengingqi

• Oololiwe bothutho lomhlaba omde

• Iinqanawa zokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe okanye phesheya kolwandle

• Iinqwelomoya zokuhanjiswa okungxamisekileyo okanye okukwixabiso eliphezulu

Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iglasi ifika ngokukhuselekileyo nangexesha apho isiya khona. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ucwangciso lwendlela kunye nokwandisa

• Ukukhetha umthwali kunye nolawulo

• Ukukhutshwa kwempahla kunye namaxwebhu

• Ukulandelela kunye nonxibelelwano

Uninzi lwabavelisi beglasi basebenza kunye nababoneleli bezinto zesithathu (3PLs) ukusingatha le misebenzi inzima. Oku kubavumela ukuba bagxile kwishishini labo eliphambili lokuvelisa iglasi ekumgangatho ophezulu.

kwezoThutho	eziluncedo	IiNdlela
Ilori	Ukuguquguquka, ukuhanjiswa kwendlu ngendlu	Umthamo omncinci, izithintelo zendlela
Uloliwe	Iindleko-esebenzayo kwimigama emide	Iindlela ezizinzileyo, zicotha kuneelori
Ngenqanawa	Umthamo omkhulu, ukufikelela kumazwe ngamazwe	Ukucotha, okunokwenzeka kolibaziseko
Inqwelomoya	Ukukhawuleza, kukulungele ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza	Iindleko, umthamo olinganiselweyo

Ulawulo loMgangatho: Ukuqinisekisa ukugqibelela kuyo yonke iMveliso yeglasi

ULawulwa Njani uMgangatho kwiMveliso yeglasi?

Ukulawulwa komgangatho yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa iglasi. Ibandakanya uthotho lokutshekishwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwinqanaba ngalinye, ukusuka ekukhethweni kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwipakethe yokugqibela.

• Iinkqubo zokuHlola okuzenzekelayo : Ukwenziwa kweglasi yanamhlanje kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhlola ezizenzekelayo. Aba matshini bobuchwephesha obuphezulu basebenzisa iikhamera, iilaser, kunye nezinzwa ukuphonononga yonke into yeglasi ephuma kumgca wokuvelisa. Bangabona iziphene zincinci njengeqhezu le-millimeter, beqinisekisa ukuba ziimveliso ezigqibeleleyo kuphela ezidlulayo.

• Iziphene eziqhelekileyo zichongiwe kwaye zisonjululwe : Nangona ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, iziphene zisengenzeka. Eminye yemicimbi eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

• Amaqamza omoya avaleleke ngaphakathi kweglasi

• Iinkozo ezinganyibilikiyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada

• Imikrwelo okanye iitshiphusi phezu komhlaba

• Ukungcola okanye amaqhekeza angaphandle

• Ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okanye izitenxo

Xa ezi ziphene zifunyenwe, iimveliso ezichaphazelekayo zisuswa ngokukhawuleza kumgca. Ziye ke zisetyenzwe ngokutsha ukulungisa umba okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwakhona kwinkqubo yemveliso.

Ukubaluleka kokuNyibilikisa kwakhona iglasi enesiphene

Iglasi yinto eyi-100% enokuphinda isetyenziswe. Oku kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na iglasi engahambelani nemigangatho yomgangatho inokuphinda inyibilike kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona. Le nkqubo yokurisayikilisha yinxalenye ephambili yolawulo lomgangatho.

• Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona Ngaphakathi kweNkqubo yeMveliso : Iimveliso zeglasi ezineziphene zohlulwa zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci aziwa ngokuba yicullet. Le cullet iphinde ifakwe kwiziko, apho iyanyibilika kwaye ibe yinxalenye yebhetshi entsha yeglasi. Ukusebenzisa i-cullet kuneenzuzo ezininzi:

• Inciphisa imfuno yezinto eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo

• Yehlisa ubushushu obunyibilikayo, igcina amandla

• Iphucula umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela ngokunciphisa ukungcola

Ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe iglasi engasebenziyo, abavelisi banokugcina imigangatho yomgangatho ophezulu ngelixa becutha inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi.

Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho weGlasi

kwiSigaba	soLawulo loMgangatho
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa	- Uphicotho lwababoneleli kunye neziqinisekiso - Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingenayo - Uhlalutyo lwemichiza
Ukunyibilika nokusulungekiswa	- Ukujongwa kobushushu - Ukunyibilika kwesampulu kunye novavanyo - Ukubekwa esweni kwegas yegesi
Ukubumba kunye nokuBumba	- Ukuhlolwa komgangatho - Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu - Uxinzelelo kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo
Ukupholisa kunye nokupholisa	- Ukujongwa kweprofayili yobushushu - Uvavanyo loxinzelelo olushiyekileyo
Iinkqubo zokugqiba	- Ukunyamezelwa komgangatho - Ukuhlolwa komgangatho we-Edge - Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nokubonwayo
Ukupakisha kunye nokusasazwa	- Uphicotho lokugqibela imveliso - Ukupakishwa iitshekhi umgangatho

Iintlobo zeGlasi kunye neeNkqubo zabo zeMveliso

Iglasi yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo eza ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lweglasi luneempawu ezizodwa kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo.

1. Iintlobo zeglasi ezisisiseko

• Iglasi ye-Soda-lime : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweglasi, olusetyenziswa kwiifestile, iibhotile, kunye neeglasi. Yenziwe ngomxube wesanti (silica), i-soda ash (i-sodium carbonate), kunye ne-limestone (i-calcium carbonate). Izithako ziyancibilika kumaqondo aphezulu kwaye emva koko zenziwe ngendlela efunwayo.

• Iglasi ye-Borosilicate : Iyaziwa ngokuxhathisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina kweekhemikhali, iglasi ye-borosilicate isetyenziselwa izixhobo zaselabhoratri, i-cookware, kunye nokukhanyisa. Yenziwe ngokongeza i-boron trioxide kwifomula yeglasi eqhelekileyo yesoda. Oku kutshintsha iipropathi zeglasi ezishushu kunye neekhemikhali.

• Iglasi yekristale ekhokelayo : Ixabiseke ngokuqaqamba kunye nokucaca kwayo, iglasi yekristale ekhokelayo isetyenziswa kwizinto zokuhombisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu njengevasi, i-stware, kunye ne-chandeliers. Yenziwe ngokutshintsha isiqulatho sekhalsiyam yeglasi yesoda yekalika kunye nelead oxide. Okukhona umxholo okhokelayo uphezulu, kokukhona iglasi iqaqamba ngakumbi.

• Iglasi yeAluminosilicate : Olu hlobo lweglasi luyaziwa ngamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokushisa. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu njengeebhalbhu zehalogen, iifestile ze-oveni, kunye nezikrini ze-smartphones. Iglasi ye-aluminosilicate yenziwe ngokudibanisa i-alumina (i-aluminium oxide) kwifomula yeglasi.

• Iiglasi ezikhethekileyo : Zininzi ezinye iindidi zeglasi ezenzelwe iinjongo ezithile. Umzekelo:

• Iglasi yephotochromic, eba mnyama xa ibekwe kukukhanya kwelanga

• Iglasi yeDichroic, ebonisa imibala eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwi-engile yokujonga

Ezi glasi zikhethekileyo zenziwe ngokufaka izongezo ezikhethekileyo okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuvelisa ukufezekisa iipropati ezifunwayo.

2. Iintlobo eziZodwa kunye neXabiso eloNgeziweyo

• Iglasi eSmart :

• Iglasi ehlakaniphile, njenge-AIS Swytchglass, inokutshintsha ukukhanya kwayo ngokucofa iqhosha. Yenziwe nge-sandwiching ions phakathi kweglasi. Xa kusetyenziswa umsinga wombane, ii-ion zitshintsha iindawo, zitshintsha ukucaca kweglasi.

• Iglasi ye-Smart isetyenziswa kuyilo lwangoku lobumfihlo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nesibheno sobuhle. Ivumela ulawulo oluguquguqukayo lokukhanya kunye nobushushu obungena kwisakhiwo.

• Iglasi yeAcoustic :

• Iglasi yeAcoustic yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwesandi, iyenze ilungele usetyenziso lokuthintela isandi. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizitudiyo zokurekhoda, iiofisi zabucala, kunye namakhaya.

• Iglasi ye-acoustic yenziwa ngokulayita iileya ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeglasi kunye ne-interlayer ekhethekileyo efunxa amaza esandi.

• Iglasi eyonga amandla :

• Iglasi eyonga amandla, njenge-AIS Ecosense, inceda ukulawula ubungakanani bamandla elanga angena kwisakhiwo. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, okukhokelela ekugcinweni kwamandla.

• Yenziwa ngokufaka iingubo ezikhethekileyo kwindawo yeglasi ebonisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared ngelixa ivumela ukukhanya okubonakalayo ukuba kudlule. I-Low-E (ukukhutshwa okuphantsi) i-coatings isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

• Iglasi eyonga amandla ibalulekile ekudaleni izakhiwo ezizinzileyo, ezilungele indalo nezinciphisa ifuthe lazo lokusingqongileyo.

• Iglasi eFrosted :

• Etching: Ukufaka iasidi okanye into erhabaxa kwiglasi ukukhukulisa umphezulu

• Uqhushumbisi lwesanti: Ukuqhubela phambili umlambo wesanti kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kumphezulu weglasi

• Ukwambathisa: Ukusebenzisa ifilimu eguquguqukayo okanye ukwambathisa kwindawo yeglasi

• Iglasi ekhenkcezayo ibonelela ngokuguquguqukayo, inkangeleko esasazekileyo yobumfihlo kunye neenjongo zokuhombisa. Ivumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule ngelixa kufihla ukubonakala. Iimveliso ezifana ne-AIS Krystal Frosted Glass ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiifestile, iishawara, izahlulo, kunye neekhabhathi.

• Iglasi ekhenkcezayo yenziwa kusetyenziswa enye yeendlela ezintathu:

zeGlasi	IiPropathi eziPhambili	zeZibonelelo eziQhelekileyo
I-Soda-ikalika	Iyafikeleleka, iyaguquguquka	Iifestile, iibhotile, izixhobo zeglasi
Borosilicate	Ukumelana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali	Izixhobo zeLab, i-cookware, izibane
Ikristale ekhokelayo	Eqaqambileyo, ecacileyo, enzima	Izinto zokuhombisa, i-stwaware, i-chandeliers
I-aluminosilicate	Unamandla, ukumelana nobushushu	Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu, izikrini ze-smartphone
Iglasi ehlakaniphile	Ukungafihli okunokulungiswa	Izisombululo zabucala, iifestile ezonga amandla
Iglasi yeAcoustic	Ukugquma isandi	Izitudiyo zokurekhoda, iiofisi, amakhaya
Iglasi eyonga amandla	Ukubonakalisa, ukugquma	Izakhiwo ezilungele i-Eco-friendly, iifestile
Iglasi eqabaka	Ukuqaqamba, kusasaza ukukhanya	Iifestile zabucala, iishawari, iikhabhathi

Ukuqukumbela

Inkqubo yokuvelisa iglasi, ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela, luluhlu oluntsonkothileyo kodwa oluchanekileyo lwamanyathelo. Inqanaba ngalinye, ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya ekufakweni kwamanzi, lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni iglasi ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ezi nkqubo ziye zalungiswa kwiinkulungwane, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukujonga phambili, ukuqhubela phambili kozinzo kunye nobuchwephesha beglasi obukrelekrele buthembisa ukubumba ikamva lokwenziwa kweglasi, kuyenza isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ilungele indalo. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kusinceda ukuba siyixabise iglasi esiyisebenzisa imihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwiifestile ukuya kwii-aplikeshini eziphezulu.