Wigeze wibaza impamvu kwisiga bimwe bisa nkibihe byose mugihe ibindi bitakaza vuba? Igisubizo kiri mubikoresho byo gupakira.
Muri iyi nyandiko, uzamenya uburyo ibikoresho bya bariyeri nka PET, EVOH, na aluminium foil birinda kwisiga ikirere nubushuhe. Tuzaganira kandi kubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubipfunyika byo kwisiga nuburyo bigira ingaruka kubicuruzwa biramba.
Ni ubuhe butumwa bukumirwa mu gupakira amavuta yo kwisiga?
Imiterere ya bariyeri bivuga ubushobozi bwo gupakira ubushobozi bwo gukumira ihererekanyabubasha hagati yibicuruzwa n’ibidukikije. Bagira uruhare runini mu kurinda ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga kutangirika, kwanduzwa, no gutakaza umusaruro. Ibintu nkibikoresho, imiterere, nubunini birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yabyo. Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ibicuruzwa guhagarara neza no kubaho neza.
Imiterere ya Microscopique y'ibikoresho byo gupakira
Kurwego rwa microscopique, ndetse bisa nkaho bikomeye ibikoresho bya pulasitike nka polyethylene (PE) na polypropilene (PP) bifite utwobo duto. Utwo dusimba twemerera kwinjiza imyuka, imyuka, n’amazi, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa mu gihe runaka.
Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi yibikoresho byo gupakira mugihe cyo gutezimbere ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga. Muguhitamo ibikoresho bifite inzitizi zibereye, turashobora kugabanya guhanahana ibintu hagati yibicuruzwa nibidukikije. Ibi bifasha kugumana ubusugire bwibicuruzwa, birinda impinduka muburyo, impumuro, cyangwa isura. Iremeza kandi ko ibikoresho bikora biguma bihamye kandi bikora neza mubuzima bwibicuruzwa.
| Byibintu |
Ibikoresho |
Byiza Byakoreshejwe |
| PE |
Hasi |
Kunyunyuza imiyoboro, amacupa |
| PP |
Hagati |
Ibibindi, amacupa, gufunga |
| PET |
Hejuru |
Amacupa, amajerekani, firime |
| Ikirahure |
Hejuru cyane |
Amacupa, amajerekani |
| Aluminium |
Cyiza |
Ikidodo cya fayili, imiyoboro yanduye |
Akamaro ka Barrière Ibintu byo kwisiga
Imiterere ya bariyeri ningirakamaro mukuzigama ubuziranenge, gushya, nuburyo bwiza bwo kwisiga. Zifasha kwirinda kwangirika kwibicuruzwa biterwa nibintu byo hanze nka ogisijeni, ubushuhe, numucyo.
Mugutanga inzitizi ikomeye, gupakira birashobora kongera igihe cyubuzima bwibicuruzwa byo kwisiga. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikomeza guhagarara neza kandi bikagumana imitungo yabigenewe mugihe kirekire.
Ingaruka zo Kwirengagiza Inzitizi
Kwirengagiza inzitizi yibikoresho byo kwisiga bishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi zitifuzwa:
Kubyimba cyangwa kwangiza amavuta n'amavuta yo kwisiga : Imiterere ya bariyeri idahagije irashobora gutuma ubuhehere bugenda bugabanuka, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byiyongera cyangwa bikangirika. Ibi birashobora kuvamo imiterere idashimishije no kugabanya uburambe bwabakoresha.
Gutakaza ibinyabuzima bikora bihindagurika : Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byo kwisiga birimo ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bikenerwa kugirango bikore neza. Imiterere mibi ya barrière irashobora kwemerera ibyo bintu guhunga, kugabanya imbaraga nigicuruzwa.
Kugabanya ibicuruzwa neza hamwe nuruhu rwumva : Mugihe ibicuruzwa bigenda byangirika bitewe no guhura nibintu byo hanze, imikorere yacyo hamwe nuruhu rwumva bishobora guhungabana. Ibi birashobora gutuma abakiriya batanyurwa kandi bikangiza izina ryikirango.
Suzuma urugero rukurikira:
Amavuta meza yo kwisiga yapakiwe mubibindi bifite inzitizi mbi. Igihe kirenze, cream iba ndende kandi ntigikora neza kubera gutakaza ubushuhe hamwe na okiside. Abakiriya binubira imikorere ya subpar, biganisha ku kugabanuka kugurisha no gusuzuma nabi.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibintu nk'ibi, ni ngombwa gushyira imbere inzitizi iyo uhisemo ibikoresho byo gupakira ibintu byo kwisiga. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikomeza gushikama, gukora neza, no gushimisha abaguzi mubuzima bwabyo bwose.
Akamaro ko gupakira kwisiga kubiranga ubwiza ntibishobora kuvugwa, kuko bigira ingaruka nziza kubicuruzwa no guhaza abakiriya.
Ibiranga ibikoresho byo gupakira byinshi
Ibikoresho byo gupakira cyane bifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi biranga umusanzu wabo mwiza. Muri byo harimo:
Ubuharike no kuba hari amatsinda akora : Ibikoresho bifite atome ya fluor, amatsinda ya hydroxyl, cyangwa amatsinda ya ester mumiterere yabyo ya molekile ikunda kugira inzitizi nziza. Iri tsinda rikora ryongera polarite yibikoresho, bigatuma irwanya gucengera.
Gukomera gukomeye hamwe nubusembure bwurunigi rwa polymer : Iminyururu ikomeye na inert polymer ntishobora kwemerera molekile kunyuramo. Zitanga inzitizi zirenze urugero, zirinda ibirimo ingaruka zituruka hanze.
Ubushobozi bwo gupakira neza : Molekile zishobora gupakira cyane bitewe nuburinganire bwazo, gahunda, korohereza, cyangwa icyerekezo bitera inzitizi nziza. Gupakira neza bigabanya umwanya uhari kugirango abinjira banyure.
Imbaraga zihuza cyangwa gukurura hagati yumunyururu wa polymer : Imbaraga zikomeye zo guhuza cyangwa gukurura hagati yiminyururu ya polymer bifasha kurema inzitizi zifatika. Ibi bituma bigora cyane molekile kwinjira mubikoresho.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirahure : Polymers hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirahure bikomeza gukomera kandi bihamye mubushyuhe bwinshi. Uku gushikama gufasha kugumya inzitizi nubwo ibintu bitoroshye.
Ingaruka za Crystallinity hamwe nicyerekezo kuri Barrière
Crystallinity hamwe nicyerekezo bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo inzitizi yibikoresho byo gupakira:
Ikirangantego cyo hejuru kiganisha ku gucengera hasi : Nkuko kristu yibintu byiyongera, ubwikorezi buragabanuka. Ibi ni ukubera ko byateganijwe, bipfunyitse neza byubutaka bwa kristalline bituma bigora molekile kunyuramo.
Icyerekezo cya molekulari icyerekezo gitezimbere inzitizi : Kwerekera urunigi rwa molekile mu cyerekezo cyihariye birashobora kuzamura inzitizi. Icyerekezo kirema inzira irenze iyinjira, itinda kunyura mubintu.
Akamaro ko kugenzura icyerekezo mugihe cyo guhanagura : Mugihe cyo guhanagura, kugenzura icyerekezo cyumunyururu wa molekile ni ngombwa. Muguhindura icyerekezo, dushobora kugera kubintu byiza bya barrière mubicuruzwa byanyuma bipakira.
| bya |
Crystallinity |
Icyerekezo Inzitizi |
Ibikoresho |
| HDPE |
Hejuru |
Hasi |
Nibyiza |
| PET |
Hejuru |
Hejuru |
Cyiza |
| LDPE |
Hasi |
Hasi |
Abakene |
| PP |
Hagati |
Hagati |
Nibyiza |
Ibikoresho Byinshi-Bariyeri Ibikoresho byo kwisiga
Ku bijyanye no kwisiga, ibikoresho byinshi bizwi kubintu byiza bya barrière. Ibi bikoresho bifasha kurinda ibicuruzwa ibintu byo hanze, byemeza ubuziranenge nubuzima bwacyo. Reka dusuzume neza bimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane muruganda.
Ifu ya Aluminium : Ifu ya Aluminium ni ibikoresho byiza cyane. Itanga igicucu cyoroshye cyane kirwanya ubushuhe, ogisijeni, numucyo. Ibi bituma biba byiza kurinda ibicuruzwa byoroshye, nkibirimo ibintu bihindagurika.
Inzoga ya Polyvinyl (PVA) : PVA ni polymerike ya syntetique ifite inzitizi zidasanzwe. Itanga imbaraga nziza zo kurwanya ogisijeni, dioxyde de carbone, nizindi myuka. PVA ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira kugirango yongere imikorere muri rusange.
Ethylene-vinyl alcool copolymer (EVOH) : EVOH nikindi kintu cyiza cyane. Ihuza ibyiza bya Ethylene na vinyl alcool monomers. EVOH itanga inzitizi ikomeye irwanya ogisijeni, ifasha mukurinda okiside no gukomeza ibicuruzwa bishya.
Nylon (PA) : Nylon, izwi kandi nka polyamide, ni amahitamo azwi cyane yo gupakira kwisiga. Itanga inzitizi nziza zirwanya ubushuhe na ogisijeni. Nylon ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye cyangwa nka laminate kugirango tunoze imikorere yububiko.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) : PET ni ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitandukanye kandi bifite inzitizi nziza. Itanga uburyo busobanutse, bworoshye, kandi bushobora kumeneka ibintu byo kwisiga. PET isanzwe ikoreshwa kumacupa, amajerekani, nibindi bikoresho bibonerana.
Inzitizi Ibiranga Ibikoresho Bitandukanye
Mubikoresho byavuzwe haruguru, foil ya aluminium, PVA, na EVOH bifatwa nkibikoresho byo hejuru. Zitanga uburinzi burenze kubushuhe, ogisijeni, nibindi bintu bidukikije. Ibi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda, nkibifite ibintu byoroshye cyangwa bihindagurika.
Kurundi ruhande, PA na PET bashyizwe mubikorwa nkibikoresho byo hagati. Zitanga uburinzi bwiza bwo kwirinda ubushuhe na ogisijeni, ariko ntibishobora kuba byiza nkuburyo bwo guhitamo inzitizi. Nyamara, baracyatanga inzitizi zihagije kubicuruzwa byinshi byo kwisiga, cyane cyane iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe nibindi bikoresho.
| yibikoresho |
Inzitizi |
bya Oxygene |
Inzitizi |
| Aluminium |
Cyiza |
Cyiza |
Opaque |
| PVA |
Cyiza |
Cyiza |
Mucyo |
| EVOH |
Cyiza |
Cyiza |
Mucyo |
| PA |
Nibyiza |
Nibyiza |
Mucyo |
| PET |
Nibyiza |
Nibyiza |
Mucyo |
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri ibikoresho bisanzwe bya pulasitike byo gupakira kwisiga , harimo na barrière yabyo, urashobora kwifashisha ubuyobozi bwuzuye.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya barrière mubikoresho byo kwisiga
Ibikoresho bya bariyeri usanga bikoreshwa cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo kwisiga. Kuva mu miyoboro kugeza kuri firime, ibyo bikoresho bifasha kurinda ibicuruzwa no gukomeza ubuziranenge bwabyo. Reka dusuzume bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo kwisiga.
Inzitizi ya plastiki ya kaburimbo yo kwisiga hamwe nibisabwa cyane
Imiyoboro ya aluminium-plastike : Utu tubari duhuza imiterere ya bariyeri ya aluminium hamwe nubworoherane bwa plastiki. Igice cya aluminiyumu gitanga inzitizi nziza irwanya ubushuhe, ogisijeni, n’umucyo, naho plastike itanga ubufasha bwubaka no gukanda.
Inzitizi yuzuye-plastike igizwe na tebes : Utu tubari twakozwe rwose muri plastiki ariko dushyiramo ibice byinshi bifite imiterere itandukanye. Bakunze gushyiramo ibikoresho nka EVOH cyangwa PA kugirango bongere imikorere ya barrière muri rusange, batanga uburinzi bwiza bwo kwirinda ogisijeni nubushuhe.
Ibice bitanu byubatswe bifatanyijemo imiyoboro ya pulasitike : Imiyoboro ifatanyijemo ibice bitanu bitandukanye, buri kimwe gikora intego runaka. Ihuriro ryibi byiciro, rishobora kuba ririmo ibikoresho nka PE, PP, na EVOH, bivamo umuyoboro ufite inzitizi nziza cyane, uburinganire bwimiterere, hamwe nibicuruzwa.
Filime ya bariyeri yo kwisiga
Firime zifatanije hamwe : Filime zifatanije zikorwa icyarimwe zisohora ibice byinshi byibikoresho bitandukanye. Ubu buryo butuma habaho gukora firime zifite inzitizi zidasanzwe, zihuza imbaraga zibikoresho bitandukanye nka PE, PP, na EVOH.
Laminate barrière firime : Laminate firime ikorwa muguhuza ibice byinshi byibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe. Ibi birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye:
Kuma lamination yumye: Adhesive ikoreshwa kuri firime imwe, yemerewe gukama, hanyuma igahuzwa nindi firime.
Amashanyarazi adafite umusemburo: Amashanyarazi adafite imbaraga akoreshwa muguhuza firime hamwe.
Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye: Amashanyarazi ashyushye akoreshwa muguhuza firime.
Extrasion lamination: Polimeri yashongeshejwe isohoka hagati ya firime ebyiri kugirango zihuze.
Amafirime yabitswemo imyuka : Izi firime zakozwe mugushyira ibintu bito cyane kuri firime shingiro ukoresheje uburyo bwo kubika imyuka. Imyenda isanzwe irimo:
Vacuum aluminiyumu: Igice cya aluminiyumu gishyirwa kuri firime mu cyumba cya vacuum.
Aluminium oxyde itwikiriye: Igice cya aluminiyumu gishyirwa kuri firime kugirango yongere imiterere ya bariyeri.
Silicon oxyde itwikiriye: Igice cya oxyde ya silicon ishyirwa kuri firime kugirango imikorere irusheho kuba myiza.
Inzitizi Zisanzwe za Firime muburyo bwo kwisiga
Imifuka igizwe nibice bitatu:
PET / AL / PE: Polyethylene terephthalate (layer yo hanze), foil ya aluminium (barrière barrière), polyethylene (imbere)
PET / Al / CPP: Polyethylene terephthalate (urwego rwo hanze), aluminium foil (barrière barrière), polypropilene (imbere imbere)
PET / VMPET / PE: Polyethylene terephthalate (layer yo hanze), vacuum-metallized PET (barrière barrière), polyethylene (imbere)
PET / EVOH / PE: Polyethylene terephthalate (layer yo hanze), Ethylene-vinyl alcool copolymer (barrière barrière), polyethylene (layer imbere)
Inzego nyinshi:
PET / Al / PET / PE: Polyethylene terephthalate (layer yo hanze), foil aluminium (layer barrière ya mbere), PET (layer barrière ya kabiri), polyethylene (imbere imbere)
PETA
Izi nyubako zitanga inzitizi nziza cyane, zirinda ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga kubushuhe, ogisijeni, nibindi bintu bidukikije. Guhitamo imiterere biterwa nibisabwa byihariye kubicuruzwa, nkurwego rwo kurinda inzitizi zikenewe, gukorera mu mucyo wifuzwa, no guhuza nibigize ibicuruzwa.
Ibipimo byo gutoranya kuri firime ya bariyeri
Guhitamo inzitizi nziza ya firime yububiko bwo kwisiga bikubiyemo gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu byinshi. Izi ngingo zituma ibipfunyika bidatanga uburinzi buhagije gusa ahubwo byujuje nibindi bisabwa byingenzi. Reka twibire mubipimo byingenzi byo guhitamo.
Imiterere ya bariyeri : Intego yibanze ya firime ya barrière ni ukurinda ibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, inzitizi yimiterere ya firime irwanya ubushuhe, ogisijeni, nibindi bintu bidukikije bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Guhitamo ibikoresho bya bariyeri, ubunini bwazo, hamwe nuburyo rusange bwubatswe bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo urwego rwuburinzi.
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya : Gupakira kwisiga akenshi bisaba gufunga ubushyuhe kugirango ushireho kashe itekanye kandi igaragara. Imiterere ya firime yatoranijwe igomba kuba ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, ikagira kashe ikomeye kandi yizewe irinda kumeneka no kwanduzwa. Ibintu nkubushuhe bwubushyuhe, igihe cyo gutura, nigitutu bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gusuzuma ubushyuhe bwimiterere yimiterere ya firime.
Kurwanya amarira : Gupakira firime bigomba kugira amarira ahagije kugirango uhangane ningutu zo gukemura, gutwara, no gukoresha. Imiterere ya firime irwanya amarira meza igabanya ibyago byo kurira kubwimpanuka cyangwa gutobora, bishobora guhungabanya ubusugire bwibicuruzwa. Kurwanya amarira birashobora kongerwaho mugushiramo ibikoresho nka nylon cyangwa ukoresheje firime yerekanwe.
Igiciro cyibicuruzwa : Mugihe inzitizi zingenzi ari ingenzi, igiciro cyibikoresho byo gupakira ntigishobora kwirengagizwa. Imiterere ya firime yatoranijwe igomba gutanga uburinzi bukenewe mugihe hasigaye ikiguzi. Ibintu nkibiciro fatizo, umusaruro ushimishije, nubukungu bwikigereranyo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gusuzuma igiciro rusange cyimiterere ya firime.
Kwipimisha no Guhitamo Inzitizi Zikwiye
Kugirango wemeze inzitizi zapakiye zujuje ibyifuzo byihariye byo kwisiga, byuzuye kwipimisha no gusuzuma ni ngombwa . Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gusobanukirwa ibicuruzwa biranga ibicuruzwa, gukora ibizamini bya barrière, hanyuma ugahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gupakira.
Gusobanukirwa ibintu bifatika bihindagurika : Amavuta yo kwisiga menshi arimo ibintu bihindagurika bikenerwa ningirakamaro kubicuruzwa. Ibi bikoresho birashobora guhinduka byoroshye cyangwa gutesha agaciro niba bidakingiwe neza. Ni ngombwa kumenya no gusobanukirwa imiterere yibi bice bihindagurika kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho bipakira bikumira neza igihombo cyabo.
Gukora ibizamini bya barrière : Kwipimisha kuri bariyeri nintambwe ikomeye mugusuzuma imikorere yuburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira. Iri suzuma ririmo kwerekana ibipfunyika mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije, nkubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe, no gupima igipimo cy’ubushuhe cyangwa umwuka wa ogisijeni. Mugereranije inzitizi yibikoresho byinshi bipfunyika, ababikora barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bashingiye kubisabwa byihariye kubicuruzwa byabo.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bipfunyitse bikwiriye : Ihitamo rya nyuma ryibikoresho bipakira bigomba gushingira kubisubizo byo kugerageza inzitizi nibindi bipimo bifatika. Iki cyemezo kigomba kuzirikana urwego rwuburinzi busabwa, guhuza nibigize ibicuruzwa, ubuzima bwifuzwa bwo kubaho, hamwe nigiciro rusange. Nibyingenzi kugirango habeho kuringaniza imikorere nuburyo bufatika kugirango ibipfunyika byuzuze ibikenerwa byombi nibicuruzwa byanyuma.
| by'ingirakamaro |
|
Ibitekerezo |
| Inzitizi |
Hejuru |
Ubushuhe, ogisijeni, kurinda urumuri |
| Shyushya kashe |
Hejuru |
Gufunga imbaraga, kwirinda kumeneka |
| Kurira amarira |
Hagati |
Gukemura, gutwara, gukoresha |
| Igiciro cyibicuruzwa |
Hejuru |
Ibikoresho bibisi, gukora neza |
Kubindi bisobanuro byihariye kubikorwa byo kwipimisha, urashobora kohereza kubuyobozi kuri ibikoresho byo gupima icupa rya parufe nibipimo , bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo kwisiga muri rusange.
Umwanzuro
Imiterere ya bariyeri ningirakamaro mugukomeza kwisiga ibintu bishya kandi byiza. Bitabaye ibyo, gupakira birashobora kunanirwa kurinda amata, biganisha ku gutakaza ubuziranenge. Ababikora bagomba gushyira imbere iyo mitungo mugihe bategura ibipapuro bishya. Iyi ntambwe ntabwo itanga igihe kirekire cyo kuramba ahubwo inashimisha abakiriya. Ibikoresho nuburyo bukwiye, nka aluminium-plastike ya tariyeri cyangwa firime ya barrière, bigira itandukaniro rikomeye. Guhitamo ibipfunyika hamwe na barrière ibereye bifasha kurinda ibicuruzwa nibiranga izina. Mu kurangiza, guhitamo ibikoresho byubwenge biganisha kubakiriya bishimye, benshi b'indahemuka.
