Iibhotile zeplastiki zikho kuyo yonke indawo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, emanzini esisela kwiimveliso zokucoca esizisebenzisayo. Kodwa ukhe wazibuza ukuba zeziphi iibhotile?
Kule posi, siza kuthatha i-in-in-in-in-nvere kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki. Siza kuphonononga iipropathi, sizibonelelo, kunye nokungalunganga kwezinto nganye, kukunika ukuqonda okubanzi kokona kwiibhotile ozisebenzisayo yonke imihla.
I-Polythylene Terephthalate (PET)
Isilwanyana, okanye I-Poalyethylene Terephthalatelate , yiplastiki esetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwibhotile. Kuyinto ecacileyo, eyomeleleyo, kwaye ilula kwaye ibunjwe ngokulula kwimilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.
Iibhotile zezilwanyana zihlala zisetyenziselwa:
Iziselo ze-carbbonited
Amanzi
Iijusi
Ukupheka ioyile
Ukunxiba kwesaladi
Ipeanut butter
Umlomo
Shampoo
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa isilwanyana sebhotile zininzi. Okokuqala, kulula, kunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba kwaye kwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuba baphathe.
Isilwanyana sasekhaya sikwabonakala kakhulu, sivumela imixholo yebhotile ukuba ibonakale ngokulula. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimveliso ezifana neziselo, apho umbala kunye nenkangeleko zinokuphembelela ukuthenga izigqibo.
Ukongeza ekubeni sikhaphukhaphu kwaye sicace, i-pet iqine kakhulu. Inokumelana nempembelelo ngaphandle kokutshintsha, yenze ukhetho olukhuselekileyo kuneglasi kwizicelo ezininzi.
Elinye i-PET ye-PET kukubiza impumelelo yayo. Akubiza kakhulu ukuvelisa ezinye izinto ezininzi, ezinceda ukugcina ixabiso lemveliso epakishwe phantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, isilwanyana sasekhaya sinengxaki enye ebalulekileyo: Iyathandeka kwiigesi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, ioksijini ingadlula kwiindonga zebhotile kwaye ichaphazele incasa kunye nomgangatho wesiqulatho.
Ukuthelekisa isilwanyana ngezinye izinto ezinjenge-HDPE, ungajonga esi sikhokelo I-HDPE vs Pet.
I-Polythylene ePhezulu (i-HDPE)
I-HDPE, ifutshane kwi-Polythylene, yenye yeplastiki eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhotile. Yaziwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwekhemikhali kunye nokuqina.
Uya kuhlala ufumene iibhotile ze-HDPE eziqukethe:
Ubisi
Ijusi
Iarhente zokucoca
Shampoo
Ikhomishini
Ioyile yeemoto
Isicoci sokuhlambela
Esona sibonelelo siphambili se-HDPE ngamandla ayo. Inokumelana nefuthe elibonakalayo ngaphandle kokophula, lenze ukuba ilungele iimveliso ezifuna ukuthuthwa kwaye ziphathwe rhoqo.
I-HDPE iqhayisa ngokuchaseneyo neekhemikhali ezininzi. Oku kuyenza ukuba ihambe-ukuya kukhetho lweemveliso zokucoca amakhaya kunye neekhemikhali ezintlanu.
Esinye isibonelelo esibalulekileyo se-HDPE kukuphinda sisebenze kwakhona. Yenye yezona zinto zilula zokuphinda zisebenzise kwakhona, kwaye ziphinde zasetyenziswa i-HDPE ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, ukusuka kwiibhotile ezintsha ukuya epilisi zeplastiki.
| yepropathi |
Ingcaciso |
| Amandla |
Ukunganyangeki okuphezulu |
| Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali |
Ukunganyangeki kwiikhemikhali ezininzi |
| Ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona |
Ukuphinda usebenzise ngokulula |
| Uqwalaselo |
Inokusetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso |
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HDPE kuyaphawuleka. Kungabunjwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani, zenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Nangona kunjalo, enye i-HDPE ye-HDPE ngumqondo wayo ophantsi wobushushu. Ingaqala ukuthamba kunye nokuchaphazela amaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-120 ° C (i-248 ° F), enza umda ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuchithwa kobushushu obuphezulu okanye ukuzalisa.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
I-PVC, okanye i-polyvinyl chloride, yiplastiki edityanisiweyo esetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imveliso yebhotile. Yaziwa ngokucaca kunye nokuxhathisa kuguquko lobushushu.
Iibhotile ze-PVC zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha:
Izicoci
Abacoci
Iikhemikhali
Ukupheka ioyile
I-shampoos
Oomongameli
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-PVC kukukwazi kwayo ukumelana noluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu. Oku kwenza ilungele iimveliso ezinokuthi ziveliswe kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukubanda ngexesha lokugcina okanye ukuthutha.
Enye inzuzo ye-PVC kukungafihli. Njenge-PET, ivumela okubhalwe kwibhotile ukuba ibonakale ngokulula, nto leyo inokubaluleka kwiimveliso zabathengi.
Nangona kunjalo, i-PVC ineengxaki ezibalulekileyo. Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kukuba izinto ezinokubangela ukuba zikwazi ukukhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi, ezinje ngePhthalates kunye ne-bisphenol a (bPA), kwibhotile yebhotile.
Izifundo zinxibelelanise ezi khemikhali kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo yempilo, ekhokela abavelisi abaninzi ukuba bafune ezinye izinto zokutya kunye nesekethe.
| Izibonelelo |
ezilungileyo |
| Ukunganyangeki kobushushu |
Ukukhuphela okunokubangela iichemicals eziyingozi |
| Ukungafihli |
Ukunganyangeki kwe-UV |
Omnye umba nge-PVC kukungaxhathisi kwayo okuphantsi kwi-ultraviolet (i-UV). Ukuboniswa ixesha elide kwilanga kunokubangela ukuba izinto zinciphise kunye ne-divlor, enokuchaphazela imbonakalo nentembeko yebhotile.
I-Polythylene (i-ldpe)
I-ldpe, okanye i-polylethylene , yiplastiki eguqukayo nelikhanyayo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa iibhotile zokutshixa kunye nokupakisha iimveliso zononophelo lomntu.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo zebhotile ye-ldpe ibandakanya:
Shampoo
Ilotion
Ikhomishini
Ukuhlamba umzimba
Ubusi
Istard
Esona sibonelelo siphambili se-ldpe kukutshintsha kwayo. Iibhotile ezenziwe kwezi zixhobo kulula ukuntywila, zenza ukuba zilungele iimfuno ezifuna ukusasazwa kwiimali ezilawulwayo.
Elinye iNzuzo ye-LDPE yindalo yayo elula. Oku akunjalo kwenza ukuba iibhotile zikhululeke ngakumbi ukuphatha kodwa zinciphise iindleko zothutho kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-ldpe ineentsilelo ezithile. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuzibamba kukumelana nobushushu bayo.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplasitiki, ldpe ziqale ukuthambisa kunye nokudideka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Oku kwenza ukuba kungafanelekanga ukuba iimveliso ezifuna ukuzaliswa okushushu okanye intsholongwane.
| yepropathi |
Ingcaciso |
| Bhetyebhetye |
Kulula ukuyicofa |
| I-chat |
Inciphisa iindleko zothutho kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo |
| Ukumelana nobushushu |
Inqunyelwe, ithambisa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi |
| Amandla |
Phantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki |
Enye into engalunganga ye-ldpe ngamandla ayo athelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki ezifana nesilwanyana okanye i-HDPE. Ngelixa ilungele iimveliso ezininzi zokhathalelo, isenokungabi ngolona khetho lubalaseleyo lweemveliso ezifuna isisombululo esingaphezulu.
I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-PP, ifutshane kwiPolypropylene , yi-thermoplastic polymer esetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iibhotile zeplastiki. Yaziwa ngokuba kukungavisisani kweekhemikhali zekhemikhali, amandla, kunye nokuqalisa.
Iibhotile ze-PP zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha:
Amayeza
Ukutya
Iikhemikhali
Ukucoca iimveliso
Izinto zononophelo zakho
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-PP yindawo ephezulu yokunyibilika. Oku kuyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo, kuyenza ilungele iimveliso ezifuna ukuzaliswa okushushu okanye intsholongwane.
I-PP ikwaziwa ngokuba nokungaxhathisi bekhemikhali. Inokumelana nokuveza iichemicals ezininzi, kubandakanya i-acids kunye neziseko, ngaphandle kokuphelisa.
| yepropathi |
Ingcaciso |
| Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali |
Ngokugqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa kwiichemicals ezininzi |
| Indawo yokunyibilika |
Iphezulu, ilungele ukuzalisa okushushu kunye nokucofa |
| Amandla |
Kulungile, ibonelela ngokuqina |
| Uqwalaselo |
Inokusetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo |
Esinye inzuzo ye-PP ngamandla ayo. Iibhotile ezenziwe kwezi zixhobo ziyaqhubeka kwaye zinokumelana nefuthe ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukwaphula.
I-PP ikwindawo eguquguqukayo. Kungabunjwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani, zenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zokupakisha.
Nangona kunjalo, enye into engalunganga ye-PP yimbonakalo yayo kancindi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplasitiki, ezinjengesithili, i-PP ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba kubekho ukungqinisisa.
I-Polystrene (PS)
I-PS, okanye i-polystyrene, yinto yokwenziwa ibhulukhwe ye-hydrocarbon ye-hydrocarbon. Yiplastiki eqinileyo edla ngokusetyenziswa ekuveliseni ukulahla inkunkuma, amatyala e-CD, nakwibhotile yeplastiki.
Iibhotile zepolystyrene zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha:
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zePS kukucaca kwayo. Yinto ebonakalayo evumela imixholo yebhotile ukuba ibonakale ngokulula.
I-PS iyaziwa ngokuqinileyo, nengqongqo. Oku kwenza ukuba lukhetho oluhle lweemveliso ezifuna isisombululo sokupakisha.
| yepropathi |
Ingcaciso |
| Ukucaca |
Elubala, ivumela imixholo ukuba ibonakale |
| Ukuqina |
Rigid, ibonelela ngokupakisha |
| Ukufakwa |
I-insuurcem elungileyo, igcina ubushushu bemveliso |
| Iindleko |
Ukungabizi kakhulu kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki |
Elinye ingenelo le-PS ziimpawu zayo zokuthambisa. Yinto elungele i-insulator elungileyo, enceda ukugcina ubushushu bemveliso ngaphakathi kwibhotile.
I-PS ikwabinazi-ijikayo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki. Oku kwenza ukhetho olukhawulezileyo lwabavelisi bajonge ukunciphisa iindleko zokupakisha.
Nangona kunjalo, enye into engalunganga ye-PS kukunganyangeki kwempembelelo. Yinto yeBrittle enokuqhekeza okanye iqhekeze ukuba ilahlekile okanye iphantsi kwefuthe.
I-PS ayikaxhathisi ngokulinganayo njengezinye iiplastiki. Izinyibilikisi ezithile zinokubangela ukuba ichithe okanye ichithe ixesha elide.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokurisayikilisha kwakhona
Iibhotile zeplastiki ziye zaba yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Uninzi lwezi bhotile ziphela ngomhlaba, apho banokuthatha khona iminyaka elikhulu ukubola.
Ezinye iiplastiki zikwakhupha neekhemikhali eziyingozi njengoko zichitha, zinegalelo kumhlaba kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi. Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kweebhotile zeplastiki kufuna amaxabiso abalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ukufezekisa okusingqongileyo.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa ifuthe lemo engqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki . Ngokurisayikilisha, sinokulondolozwa kwezixhobo, sinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye sinciphise inani lenkunkuma ethunyelwe kwi-Landfills.
Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ibandakanya ukuqokelela, ukuhlelwa, ukucoca, kunye nokunyibilikisa iibhotile zeplastiki. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezihlaziyiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha, njengengubo, ukukhathazeka, kunye neebhotile ezintsha. Sebenzisa isilwanyana esinezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (i-rpect) yokupakisha kuya kuphinda kwenzeke ngenxa yempembelelo yayo esezantsi yokusingqongileyo.
Iikhowudi zokuchonga i-resin
Ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze, iibhotile zeplastiki zibhalwe iikhowudi zokuchonga i-resin. Ezi khowudi, zihlala zifumaneka emazantsi ebhotile, bonisa uhlobo lweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.
| Ikhowudi |
yeplastiki |
esetyenziswayo |
| 1 |
Isilwanyana sasekhaya |
Ibhotile ethambileyo, iibhotile zamanzi |
| 2 |
I-HDPE |
IiJugs zobisi, iibhotile ze-shampoo |
| 3 |
I-pvc |
Ukupheka iibhotile zeoyile, iibhotile ze-scorgent |
| 4 |
Ldpe |
Iibhotile ze-squepiles, iibhotile ze-lotion |
| 5 |
I-PP |
Iibhotile zamayeza, iibhotile zeKetchup |
| 6 |
I-ps |
I-yogurt yezikhongozeli, ukulahla inkunkuma |
| 7 |
Enye |
Iplasitiki exutywe, i-polycarbonate |
Ngokuqonda ezi khowudi, abathengi banokuzihlola ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma yabo yeplastiki yokurisayikilisha. Uninzi lwamaziko abuyisela kwakhona afumana i-platesics 1 kunye ne-2, njengoko ezi zezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo.
Amanye amaziko anokwamkela iiplasitiki ezi-3 ukuya kwele-7, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhangela kumnikezeli wakho wokurisayikilisha wendawo yakho
Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwizinto zebhotile yeplastiki
Njengoko inkxalabo malunga nefuthe lemo engqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, abaphandi kunye nabavelisi bahlola izixhobo ezintsha nezisombululo. Indawo enye ethembisayo yophuhliso yi-bio-esekwe kwi-biodegrady.
Ezi zixhobo, zithathwe kwizibonelelo ezinokuphinda zisebenze njengendawo yengqolowa okanye iswekile, zinokubakho ukunciphisa kakhulu i-chictles yendalo. Banokwaphula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneplasitiki yemveli, ukunciphisa isixa senkunkuma esiphelelayo kwi-Landfill.
| yezinto |
Imvelaphi |
eziphathekayo |
| Iplagi |
Isitatshi somkhosi, iswekile |
I-Biodegradable iphantsi kweMeko yeMizi-mveliso |
| Pha |
Ukubila intsholongwane |
I-biodegrades kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-marine |
| I-Bio-per |
Iswekile ye-ethanol |
I-Honegradible-i-biodegrades, kodwa inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-fossil |
Enye indawo ekugxilwe kuyo zizisombululo ezinokupakisha. Abaphandi baphonononge imilo etsha kunye nezinto ezinokunciphisa isixa seplastiki esisetyenziswa kwiibhotile ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle.
Umzekelo, ezinye iinkampani zikhulisa iibhotile ezinodonga oluncinci okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezinjengeglasi okanye i-aluminium kwiimveliso ezithile. Abanye bazama ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ukupakisha kwakhona iinkqubo zokupakisha ukunciphisa iiplasitiki zokusebenzisa.
Uphando kunye nophuhliso kwizixhobo ezizinzileyo kukufumana amandla. Izazinzulu ziphanda ngemigca emitsha kunye neendlela zemveliso ezinokuthi zenze iiplastiki zokuphinda zisebenze, i-biodegradiance, kunye nokusebenza kwendalo.
Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya:
Njengoko ezi teknoloji zakhawuleza, sinokulindela ukubona uluhlu olukhulayo lweendlela ezizinzileyo zeebhotile zeplastiki. Ngokuxhasa uphando kunye nophuhliso kule ntsimi, sinokusebenza kwikamva apho ipakethe yeplastiki inefuthe elincinci kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Kweli nqaku, sihlolisise izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki, kubandakanya isilwanyana, i-HDPE, pvc, i-PVC, i-LDP, iphe, kunye ne-PP. Elinye lala mathafa linepropathi eyahlukileyo, izibonelelo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo ezibenza bazilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda iimpawu zezi zixhobo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukhetho olunolwazi malunga neemveliso esizithengayo kunye nendlela esizilahla ngayo. Ngokuqonda ifuthe lemo engqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki, sinokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuxhasa izisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo.
