Zeziphi Izinto Ezenza Iibhotile zePlastiki?

Iibhotile zeplastiki zikhona yonke indawo ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka emanzini esiwaselayo ukuya kwiimveliso zokucoca esizisebenzisayo. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngokwenene ezi bhotile zenziwe ngantoni?

Kule post, siza kujonga nzulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki. Siza kuphonononga iipropathi, izinto eziluncedo, kunye nezingeloncedo kwimathiriyeli nganye, sikunika ukuqonda okubanzi malunga nokuba yintoni na engena kwiibhotile ozisebenzisa yonke imihla.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

PET, okanye i-polyethylene terephthalate , iplastiki esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeebhotile. Yimathiriyeli ecacileyo, eyomeleleyo, kunye nekhaphukhaphu ebumba ngokulula kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.

Iibhotile ze-PET ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa:

• Iziselo zekhabhoni

• Amanzi

• Iijusi

• Iioli zokupheka

• Izinxibo zesaladi

• Ipeanut butter

• Ukuhlamba imilomo

• Ishampu

Iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-PET kwiibhotile zininzi. Okokuqala, ilula, ecutha iindleko zothutho kwaye yenza kube lula kubathengi ukuyiphatha.

I-PET iphinde ibonakale ngokucacileyo, ivumela imixholo yebhotile ukuba ibonakale ngokulula. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimveliso ezifana neziselo, apho umbala kunye nenkangeleko zinokuchaphazela izigqibo zokuthenga.

Ukongeza kokukhaphukhaphu kunye nokungafihli, i-PET yomelele ngokumangalisayo. Iyakwazi ukumelana neempembelelo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, okwenza kube yinto ekhuselekileyo yokuzikhethela kuneglasi kwizicelo ezininzi.

Olunye uncedo lwePET kukusebenza kwayo ngeendleko. Kubiza kancinane ukuvelisa kunezinye izinto ezininzi, nto leyo enceda ukugcina ixabiso lemveliso epakishiweyo liphantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, i-PET inento enye ebalulekileyo: iyakwazi ukungena kwiigesi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-oksijini inokudlula kwiindonga zebhotile kwaye ichaphazele incasa kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziqulethweyo.

Ukuthelekisa i-PET kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-HDPE, ungajonga esi sikhokelo HDPE vs PET.

I-Polyethylene yoXinano oluPhezulu (HDPE)

I-HDPE, imfutshane kwi-polyethylene ephezulu, enye iplastiki eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweebhotile. Iyaziwa ngokumelana kwayo neekhemikhali okugqwesileyo kunye nokuqina.

Uya kufumana rhoqo iibhotile ze-HDPE eziqulethe:

• Ubisi

• Ijusi

• Iiarhente zokucoca

• Ishampu

• I-Conditioner

• Ioli yemoto

• Isicoci sokuhlamba impahla

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeHDPE ngamandla ayo. Inokumelana nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kokuphulwa, iyenze ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuthuthwa kunye nokuphathwa rhoqo.

I-HDPE ikwaqhayisa ngokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwiikhemikhali ezininzi. Oku kwenza kube lukhetho lokukhetha ukupakisha iimveliso zokucoca ikhaya kunye neekhemikhali zamashishini.

Olunye uncedo olubalulekileyo lwe-HDPE kukurisayikilisha kwayo. Yenye yezona plastiki zilula ukuzirisayikilisha, kwaye iHDPE esetyenzisiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, ukusuka kwiibhotile ezintsha ukuya kumaplanga eplastiki.

yePropati	Inkcazelo
Amandla	Ukuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu
Ukumelana nemichiza	Ukumelana neekhemikhali ezininzi
Ukurisayikilisha	Iyarisayikilishwa ngokulula
Ukuguquguquka	Ingasetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso

Ukuguquguquka kwe-HDPE nako kuyaphawuleka. Inokubunjwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Nangona kunjalo, enye i-drawback ye-HDPE kukunyamezela ubushushu obuphantsi. Inokuqala ukuthamba kunye nokukhubazeka kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-120 ° C (248 ° F), nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuvala ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukuzaliswa.

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

I-PVC, okanye i-polyvinyl chloride, iplastiki eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kweebhotile. Iyaziwa ngokucaca kunye nokuxhathisa utshintsho lobushushu.

Iibhotile zePVC ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukupakisha:

• Izicoci

• Abacoci

• Imichiza

• Iioli zokupheka

• Iishampu

• Conditioners

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zePVC kukukwazi ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu. Oku kuyenza ilungele imveliso enokuthi ibonakale kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye kubanda ngexesha lokugcinwa okanye ukuthuthwa.

Olunye uncedo lwePVC kukucaca kwayo. Njenge-PET, ivumela iziqulatho zebhotile ukuba zibonakale lula, ezinokubaluleka kwiimveliso zabathengi.

Nangona kunjalo, i-PVC inezithintelo ezibalulekileyo. Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zinokwenzeka ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zikhuphe iikhemikhali ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-phthalates kunye ne-bisphenol A (BPA), kwizinto eziqulethwe kwibhotile.

Uphononongo lunxulumanise le michiza kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yezempilo, nto leyo ekhokelela abavelisi abaninzi ukuba bafune enye imathiriyeli yokutya nesiselo.

Izinto eziluncedo	Ezingeloncedo
Ukumelana nobushushu	Ukukhutshwa okunokwenzeka kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi
Ukungafihli	Ukumelana ne-UV ephantsi

Omnye umba nge-PVC kukumelana kwayo okuphantsi kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV). Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunokubangela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinciphise kwaye zidibanise, ezinokuchaphazela ukubonakala kunye nokunyaniseka kwebhotile.

IPolyethylene yoXinano oluPhantsi (LDPE)

I-LDPE, okanye i-polyethylene ephantsi , yiplastiki eguquguqukayo kunye nekhaphukhaphu. Idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukukhama iibhotile kunye nokupakishwa kweemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu.

Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lweebhotile ze-LDPE lubandakanya:

• Ishampu

• Lotion

• I-Conditioner

• Ukuhlamba umzimba

• Ubusi

• Imostade

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-LDPE kukuguquguquka kwayo. Iibhotile ezenziwe kulo mbandela zilula ukukhama, okwenza zibe zilungele iimveliso ezifunekayo ukuba zikhutshwe kwiimali ezilawulwayo.

Olunye uncedo lwe-LDPE bubume bayo obukhaphukhaphu. Oku akugcini nje ukwenza iibhotile zikhululeke ngakumbi ukuphatha kodwa kunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-LDPE inemida ethile. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukuxhathisa ukushisa okulinganiselweyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplastiki, i-LDPE inokuqalisa ukuthamba kunye nokonakala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Oku kuyenza ingafaneleki kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuzaliswa okushushu okanye ukuvala inzala.

yePropati	Inkcazelo
Ukuba bhetyebhetye	Kulula ukucudisa
Ikhaphukhaphu	Yehlisa iindleko zothutho kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo
Ukumelana nobushushu	Incinci, iyathamba kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi
Amandla	Ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki

Enye into engalunganga ye-LDPE ngamandla ayo aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki ezifana ne-PET okanye i-HDPE. Ngelixa ifanelekile kwiimveliso ezininzi zokhathalelo lomntu, isenokungabi lolona khetho lungcono kwiimveliso ezifuna isisombululo esomeleleyo sokupakisha.

Polypropylene (PP)

I-PP, imfutshane ye-polypropylene , i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo, kuquka iibhotile zeplastiki. Iyaziwa ngokumelana kwayo neekhemikhali okugqwesileyo, amandla, kunye nokuguquguquka.

Iibhotile zePP ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukupakisha:

• Amayeza

• Ukutya

• Imichiza

• Iimveliso zokucoca

• Izinto zokhathalelo lomntu

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zePP yindawo yayo ephezulu yokunyibilika. Oku kuvumela ukuba imelane nokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuzaliswa okushushu okanye ukuvala inzala.

I-PP yaziwa nangokugqwesa kwayo ukumelana neekhemikhali. Inokumelana nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezininzi, kubandakanywa i-asidi kunye neziseko, ngaphandle kokuthotywa okanye ukukhupha.

yePropati	Inkcazelo
Ukumelana nemichiza	Okugqwesileyo, ukumelana neekhemikhali ezininzi
Indawo yokunyibilika	Iphezulu, ifanelekile ukuzaliswa okushushu kunye nokuvala inzala
Amandla	Ilungile, inika ukuqina
Ukuguquguquka	Ingasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo

Enye inzuzo yePP ngamandla ayo. Iibhotile ezenziwe kule mveliso zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala khona.

I-PP ikwayinto enezinto ezininzi. Inokubunjwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, okwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zokupakisha.

Nangona kunjalo, enye into engalunganga yePP kukubonakala kwayo kancinci. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplastiki, ezifana ne-PET, i-PP ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo, enokuthi ibe yintsilelo kwiimveliso apho ukucaca kubalulekile.

Ipolystyrene (PS)

I-PS, okanye i-polystyrene, yipholima yokwenziwa enuka kamnandi ye-hydrocarbon. Yiplastiki eyomeleleyo edla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezilahlwayo, iikesi zeCD, kunye neebhotile zeplastiki.

Iibhotile zePolystyrene ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukupakisha:

• Iimveliso zokutya ezomileyo

• Iivithamini

• Amayeza

• Izithambiso

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zePS kukucaca kwayo. Yinto ebonakalayo evumela ukuba imixholo yebhotile ibonakale lula.

I-PS yaziwa nangokuqina kwayo kunye nokuqina. Oku kwenza kube lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwiimveliso ezifuna isisombululo esomeleleyo sokupakisha.

yePropati	Inkcazelo
Ukucaca	Ngokucacileyo, ivumela imixholo ukuba ibonakale
Ukuqina	Iqinile, ibonelela ngokupakishwa okuqinileyo
I-Insulation	I-insulator elungileyo, igcina ubushushu bemveliso
Iindleko	Ixabiso eliphantsi xa lithelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki

Olunye uncedo lwe-PS ziipropati zayo zokugquma. Yi-insulator efanelekileyo, enceda ukugcina ubushushu bemveliso ngaphakathi kwebhotile.

I-PS nayo ayibizi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki. Oku kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kubakhiqizi abafuna ukunciphisa iindleko zokupakisha.

Nangona kunjalo, enye into ebalulekileyo ye-PS kukuxhathisa kwayo kakubi. Yimpahla ebhityileyo enokuqhekeka okanye yophuka ukuba iwisiwe okanye iphantsi kwempembelelo.

I-PS nayo ayinakumelana neekhemikhali njengezinye iiplastiki. Izinyibilikisi ezithile zinokubangela ukuba inyibilike okanye ithobeke ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokuRisayikilishwa

Iibhotile zeplastiki ziye zaba yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kunye nokulahlwa kwazo. Uninzi lwezi bhotile ziphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, apho kunokuthabatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola.

Ezinye iiplastiki zikhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi njengoko ziqhekeka, zinegalelo kungcoliseko lomhlaba namanzi. Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kweebhotile zeplastiki kufuna umthamo omkhulu wamandla kunye nezibonelelo, okuchaphazela ngakumbi okusingqongileyo.

Ukurisayikilisha yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki . Ngokurisayikilishwa, singakwazi ukugcina izibonelelo, sinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye sicuthe ubungakanani benkunkuma ethunyelwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.

Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ibandakanya ukuqokelela, ukuhlela, ukucoca, kunye nokunyibilikisa iibhotile zeplastiki. Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha, njengempahla, ikhaphethi, kunye neebhotile ezintsha. Ukusebenzisa i-PET ehlaziyiweyo (rPET) ukupakishwa  kuya kuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo yayo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo.

Resin Iikhowudi zokuchongwa

Ukuququzelela inkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona, iibhotile zeplastiki zibhalwe ngeekhowudi zokuchongwa kwe-resin. Ezi khowudi, zidla ngokufunyanwa emazantsi ebhotile, zibonisa uhlobo lweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.

Ikhowudi	yePlastiki yoMsebenzi	oqhelekileyo
1	I-PET	Iibhotile zesiselo, iibhotile zamanzi
2	HDPE	Iingqayi zobisi, iibhotile zeshampu
3	I-PVC	Iibhotile zeoli yokupheka, iibhotile zokucoca
4	I-LDPE	Khama iibhotile, iibhotile zokuthambisa
5	PP	Iibhotile zeyeza, iibhotile zeketchup
6	PS	Izikhongozeli zeyogathi, i-cutlery elahlayo
7	Okunye	Iiplastiki ezixutywe, i-polycarbonate

Ngokuqonda ezi khowudi, abathengi banokuhlenga ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma yabo yeplastiki ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Uninzi lwezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zamkela iiplastiki ezibhalwe u-1 no-2, njengoko ezi zezona ntlobo ziqhele ukurisayikilishwa.

Ezinye izibonelelo zisenokwamkela iiplastiki ezibhalwe 3 ukuya ku-7, kodwa kubalulekile ukujonga umboneleli wakho wasekhaya wokurisayikilisha izikhokelo ezithile.

Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwiMathiriyeli yeBhotile yePlastiki

Njengoko iinkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zeebhotile zeplastiki ziqhubeka zikhula, abaphandi kunye nabavelisi bahlola izinto ezintsha kunye nezisombululo. Enye indawo ethembisayo yophuhliso yiplastiki esekwe kwibhayoloji kunye ne biodegradable.

Ezi zixhobo, ziphuma kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo njengestatshi sombona okanye iswekile, zinamandla okunciphisa ngokubonakalayo indawo engqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki. Ziyakwazi ukudiliza ngokukhawuleza kuneeplastiki zemveli, ukunciphisa inani lenkunkuma ephela kwiindawo zokulahla.

weMathiriyeli	Umthombo	​
I-PLA	Isitatshi sombona, iswekile	I-Biodegradable phantsi kweemeko zomgquba kwimizi-mveliso
PHA	Ukuvundiswa kwebhaktheriya	I-Biodegradable kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka naselwandle
I-Bio-PE	I-ethanol yommoba	I-non-biodegradable, kodwa iyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili

Enye indawo ekugxilwe kuyo zizisombululo zokupakisha ezintsha. Abaphandi baphonononga uyilo olutsha kunye nezixhobo ezinokunciphisa inani leplastiki esetyenziswa kwiibhotile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwabo.

Umzekelo, ezinye iinkampani ziphuhlisa iibhotile ezineendonga ezibhityileyo okanye zisebenzisa ezinye izinto ezifana neglasi okanye ialuminiyam kwiimveliso ezithile. Abanye bazama iindlela zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zizaliseke okanye zisebenziseke kwakhona ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki enye.

Uphando kunye nophuhliso kwizinto ezizinzileyo nazo ziya zisanda. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziphanda iipolymer ezintsha kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ezinokudala iiplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okuphuculweyo, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo.

Ezinye zolu phuhliso ziquka:

• Iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kwakhona

• Iiplastiki ezenziwe nge-CO2 okanye i-methane

• Iiplastiki ezomeleziweyo zisebenzisa imicu yendalo

• Iipholima ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngokwekhemikhali

Njengoko obu buchwepheshe buqhubela phambili, sinokulindela ukubona uluhlu olukhulayo lweenketho ezizinzileyo kwiibhotile zeplastiki. Ngokuxhasa uphando kunye nophuhliso kule ntsimi, sinokusebenzela kwixesha elizayo apho ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunempembelelo encinci kwindalo.

Ukuqukumbela

Kweli nqaku, sihlolisise izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki, kuquka i-PET, i-HDPE, i-PVC, i-LDPE, i-PP, kunye ne-PS. Nganye kwezi zeplastiki zineempawu ezizodwa, iingenelo, kunye nezingeloncedo ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqonda iimpawu zezi zixhobo kubalulekile ukuze senze ukhetho olunolwazi malunga neemveliso esizithengayo kunye nendlela esizilahla ngayo. Ngokuqaphela impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeebhotile zeplastiki, sinokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuxhasa izisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo.