Ngaba ukhe uzibuze ukuba yintoni eyenza izinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana nezikhongozeli zokutya, iinxalenye zemoto, kunye nezixhobo zonyango zihlala zihlala zomelele? Impendulo ilele kwiplastiki yePolyproplene (PP). Ezi zinto ziveli zibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi amaninzi ngenxa yepropathi yabo eyahlukileyo.
Kule posi, siza kuphonononga iimpawu, ukusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo zokwenza i-PPSIC. Uya kufunda malunga namabakala ahlukeneyo e-PP kwaye kutheni zibalulekile kwimveliso yanamhlanje.
Ithini iPolyPropylene (PP)?
I-Polypropylene (PP) yi-thermoplastic eguquguqukayo. Luhlobo lwepolymer yeliqela lePolycofeFin. I-PP yaziwa ngobunzima bayo kunye nokuguquguquka. Isetyenziswe kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwekhemikhali kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu.
Isakhiwo sekhemikhali kunye nokuqulunqwa
I-Polypropynene inesakhiwo esilula. Ineyunithi ephindaphindayo ye-proplenenes. Le thydrocarbon i-polymer inayo incinci okanye ayisebenzi. Ineqela le-methyl eliqhotyoshelwe kuyo yonke enye i-atom yekharbon. Eli sakhiwo linika i-PP yepropathi yayo eyahlukileyo.
Ifomula yekhemikhali yePolypropylene yile (c3h6) n. Ubukho beqela le-methyl luchaphazela iipropathi zalo zomzimba. Iyonyusa inqaku le-crystalline kwaye liphucule ukuguquguquka kwePolymer.
Imbali kunye nophuhliso lwe-PP
Ukuphuhliswa kwePolypropylene kwaqala nge-1950s. I-Giulio Nata, umchiza wase-Itali, wayenegalelo ekudalweni kwalo. Uvelise i-polyproplene yokuqala ngo-1954. Imveliso yentengiso yaqala ngo-1957. Ukususela ngoko, i-PP iye yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu zeplastiki.
Ukuqunjelwa uqoqosho lwe-PP kuqhubekile ukukhula kwayo. Icaciswa kakuhle kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekeza. Olu tshintsho luye lwavumela ukuba lubeke endaweni yezinye izixhobo kwizicelo ezininzi. Namhlanje, ibango lehlabathi le-Polypropynene likhulu kwaye liyaqhubeka likhula.
Kutheni i-PP ibalulekile?
Ipropathi eyahlukileyo yePolyProphene yenza ukuba ingaba yimfuneko kumashishini amaninzi. yayo elungileyo Ukuchasana nokuchasana nemichiza kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina. I-PP ikwalula, nto leyo eyingenelo yokunciphisa iindleko zothutho.
Kwishishini le-Automotive, i-PP isetyenziselwa iimoto ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukupakisha, amandla e-PP ukumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo kuyenza ilungele izikhongozeli zokutya kunye ne-BOTTLE. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizixhobo zezonyango kuyakwabakwa ngenxa yesakhono somsebenzi.
I-Polypropylene inokuqhutywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Inaliti yokubumba yindlela eqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo ivumela ukudalwa kweemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye noyilo. Iqondo lobushushu le-PP le-PP lenza ilungele le ndlela yokuphucula.
Iimpawu zePolyproplene (PP)
I-Polypropylene (i-PP) iqhayisa uluhlu lweempawu ezimangalisayo ezenza ukuba kuthathe ukhetho oluphezulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Masiphembe kwimbonakalo yomzimba, yoomatshini, i-thermal, kunye neekhemikhali ezibekelwe i-PP.
Iipropathi zomzimba
Isakhiwo se-PP se-rimitha se-ristastalline sinika ukudityaniswa okwahlukileyo kunye nokuguquguquka. Le positic polmoplatic inamathela ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
Xa kufikwa kuxinzelelo kunye nobunzima, i-PP yintshatsheli ekhanyayo. Inika umyinge owomeleleyo we-on-to-ubunzima, yenze ukuba ilungele iimveliso apho igram ibala khona.
I-PP ingabakho kwi-opaque okanye i-opaque, kuxhomekeke ekuqulunqweni kolunye. Ukuqhubela phambili kuyakuvumela ukuba ijolise kuluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno zobuhle.
Iipropathi zoomatshini
Ukuqina kunye nokuqina kulapho kukhanya kwe-PP. Inokujamelana nempembelelo enkulu kwaye inxibe, yenze ukhetho oluthembekileyo kwizicelo ezifunwayo.
Ukunyangwa kwe-PP's Ukungakhathali kunye nokuqina kuyaphawuleka. Inokuphatha uxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nobume bayo okanye ingqibelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungapheliyo.
Ngombane omangalisayo onomtsalane kunye nokuqina, i-PP inokugcina indlela yayo phantsi koxinzelelo. Oku kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezifuna ukuguquguquka kunye nobungqola.
Iipropathi ze-thermal
I-PP inendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, iqhele ukusuka kwi-160 ° C (320 ° F). Oku kuxhathisa ubushushu kuyakuvumela ukuba kugcinwe iipropathi zayo kwiindawo ezinebushushu eziphakamileyo.
Ngokuphathelele ukuqhubela phambili kwe-durmal, i-PP yi-insuator efanelekileyo. Inganceda ilawule amaqondo obushushu kwaye kuthintele ugqithiso lobushushu, lwenza ukuba lixabiseke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwe-Thermal yolawulo.
Iipropathi zeekhemikhali
Enye yeempawu zokungahambi kakuhle ze-PP ngumchasi wayo ogqwesileyo. Inokumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwee-acids, iziseko, kunye nezinyibilikisi ezingenamsebenzi okanye ezilahlekelwa ziipropathi zayo.
I-PP ikwanokumelana nendalo kwi-daild, ukubumba kunye neBacteria. Oku kukwenza ukuba kukhanye nococeko lokupakishwa kokutya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nolunye usetyenziso apho ukucoceka kubalulekile.
| yepropathi | Ingcaciso |
| Ukuxinana | Ukuxinana okuphezulu, ukukhanya |
| Indawo yokunyibilika | Malunga ne-160 ° C (320 ° F) |
| Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali | Ukuxhathisa ngokugcobayo kwii-acids, iziseko, kunye nezinyibilikisi |
| Ukungakhathali | Inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nobume okanye ingqibelelo |
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo zePolypropylene (PP)
Izicelo zonyango
I-Polypropylene (PP) i-Thermoplastic isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango. Ukuchasana kwemichiza nokuchasana Ezi zinto zibandakanya isirinji, ii-vials zonyango, izikhongozeli zepilisi, neebhotile ezichaziweyo.
I-PP inokumelana neendlela zeSteam Steam Steam. Obunikako lubalulekile ekugcineni impilo kwiindawo kwezonyango. Amandla ayo okunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokuhlazisa kuqinisekisa ukufundela okukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
IiPropathi zeMichiza ezilungileyo zePhemikhali ze-PP zikwathintela ungcoliseko. Oku kwenza ukuba kube yinto ekhethiweyo kwizicelo zonyango apho ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina).
Ishishini le-Automotive
Kwishishini le-Automotive, i-PP ixabisa kakhulu. Isetyenziswe kwiindawo zemoto ezinjengeedrashboard, amathungo, kunye noxinana. yokuqinisekisa Ubuchule bokuthintela impembelelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zinokumela imihla ngemihla yokunxiba kunye nokukrazula.
I-PP ilula kwaye iguquguquka. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bezithuthi ngokubanzi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwepetroli. Ikwanceda ekwenzeni iimilo ezintsonkothileyo, ngenxa yenkqubo yokubumba.
Ukuqina kokuchasana kwekhemikhali kwe-PP kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba ingamelana neoyile, igrisi, kunye nezinye ii-achemotive. Oku kuncitshiswa kwandisa ubomi bezinto zemoto, ukwenza ukhetho olusebenzayo lwabavelisi.
Ishishini lokupakisha
I-PP lukhetho oludumileyo kwishishini lokupakisha. Ukuhamba kwayo jikelele kuyakuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwiphakeji eguqukayo nengqongqo. Ngephakethe eziguquguqukayo, ifilimu ye-PP idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukutya kunye nephanyazo.
Izicelo zokupakisha ezingqongqo zibandakanya izikhongozeli zokutya, i-cap yebhotile, kunye nokuvalwa. I-PP's ephezulu yendawo yokunyanga iqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukuphatha izinto zokutya ezishushu ngaphandle kokuphela. I-corrosion yayo elungileyo yekhefu iyenza ilungele ukugcina iimveliso ezahlukeneyo.
Ukukwazi kwe-PP ukwenza ipropathi ye-hinge ebalulekileyo iluncedo ekupakisheni okufuna ukuvulwa okuphindaphindiweyo nokuvalwa, njengeebhotile zeShampoo kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya.
Ishishini lendwangu
I-Polypropylene ikwasetyenziswa kwishishini lendwangu. Isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iimpahla, iikhaphethi, kunye nee-upholstery. Ubume besixhobo esisezantsi se-versity se-finsoty senza ukuba sikhululeke ukuze sibe senzelwa.
I-PP iyathandwa kwiMidlalo yeMidlalo kunye neGear enganyangekiyo. Ukukwazi kwayo ukucima umswakama kugcina umntu odibeneyo womile. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimiba ye-Athletic kunye nempahla yangaphandle.
Uxinzelelo oluhle loxinzelelo lwe-PP luqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezenziweyo ziphuma kuzo ziyahlala. Banokumelana nokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuhlamba ngaphandle kokuphulukana neepropathi zabo.
Impahla zomthengi
I-PP ixhaphakile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya. Oku kubandakanya ifanitshala, iithoyi, kunye nezinto zombane. Amandla ayo okuchasene nefuthe lenza ukuba ilungele izinto ezifuna ukuba ziqinile.
Ekhitshini, i-PP isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-temobles eqinileyo kunye nezikhongozeli. kwayo okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali Ukuchasana kuyayithintela ekusebenzeni ngezinto zokutya. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nolongezo lwekhitshi.
Ngeethoyi, iPPRUSE ephezulu ye-PP iqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselekile kubantwana. Izinto ezibonakalayo aziquki ubushushu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha. kwayo ku-Cyclic Ukuchasana nokungakhathali qinisekisa ukuba iithoyi zinokunyamezela ukuphathwa gadalala ngabantwana.
Iinkqubo zeMveliso zePolypropylene (PP)
Inkqubo ye-Polymerizazazazation
Iplastiki yePolypropylene (PP) yenziwa ngenkqubo ye-polymerizazazaza. Oku kubandakanya ukulwa i-propleymers kwi-polymer. Zintathu iindlela eziphambili: i-slurry, isisombululo kunye neenkqubo zesigaba segesi.
Kwinkqubo ye-slide, i-propylene ixutywe ne-diegnt. I-catalyst yongezwa ukuqala impendulo. I-polymer yenziwa njenge-slourry, emva koko yahlukane kwaye yomile.
Inkqubo yesisombululo inyibilikisa i-proplene kwisinyibilikisi. I-Catalyst iqalisa i-polymerization, kwaye i-polymer kamva ichanyisiwe kwaye yomile.
Inkqubo yesigaba segesi isebenzisa i-propleone yegesi. I-cataightst yongezwa, kwaye iifom zePolymer ngqo njengomgubo. Le ndlela isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
I-Cataysts idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo. Balawula inqanaba lokuphendula kunye ne-polymer ye-polymer. I-Ziegler-Natta Catalysts isetyenziswa rhoqo. Banceda ukuvelisa i-polypropylene esemgangathweni enepropathi ethile.
Inaliti yokubumba
Inaliti yokubumba yindlela ephambili ye-Folypropylene (PP) i-resin. Kule nkqubo, inyibilikiswe i-PP ifakwe kumnyama. I-MOLD ichaza ubume bemveliso yokugqibela.
Inkqubo yokuxhuzula inaliti iqala ngokufudumeza i-PP ide inyibilike. Ukulungisa ubushushu obushushu bokushisa obuvela phakathi kwe-200 ° C kwaye i-250 ° C. Iplastiki ye-molten igcinwe kwi-mold. Emva kokupholisa, ukumiswa kuvulwa, kwaye imveliso ikhutshiwe.
Inaliti ebunjiweyo iguquguqukayo kwaye isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya iinxalenye zemoto, iimpahla zasekhaya, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. I - Pointiquiquikhi ye-Inating Ivumela iimilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.
Ukuphuma
I-Exturision yenye indlela eqhelekileyo yokuqhubela phambili i-Polyproplene (PP) polymer. Ekuphumeni, i-PP inyibilikisiwe kwaye inyanzeliswa ngokufa ukuze ifake imilo emide. Ezi milo zinokusikwa okanye ziqengqelwe kwiimveliso.
Inkqubo yokuphumelela ibandakanya ukondla i-PP Pellets ibe ngumntu ophumeleleyo. Iipellets zishushu de zinyibilike. I-PP etyhidiweyo ityhala ngokufa. Ubume bokufa bubeka imveliso yokugqibela.
Ukuphuma kusetyenziswa ukwenza imibhobho, amashiti kunye neefilimu. Ifilimu ye-PP ihlala isetyenziswa ekupakishe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye namandla. Ifilimu ye-PP yokutyibilika ifilimu kunye nefilimu yefilimu yefilimu kunye ne-Bi-Ax-Axier).
Ukubetha
Ukubetha ukubumba kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iinxalenye zeplastiki. Yindlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza iibhotile nezikhongozeli. Inkqubo iqala ngokunyibilika i-pp kwaye iyilwe kwi-parison okanye impindezelo.
Kwinkqubo yokutsala evuthuza , i-paroison ibekwe kwisikhumba. Umoya emva koko uqubuthelwa kuyo, ubangele ukuba yandise kwaye uthathe ubume bobuziyo. Imveliso ipholile kwaye ikhutshiwe ivela ekubunjweni.
Ukuvuthuza ukubumba kuyasebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza ukupakisha ngokungqongqo. Isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezinjengeebhotile, i-cap, kunye nokuvalwa. Indlela yobuchule iqinisekisa ubungqingqwa obungangqinelani kunye nokugqibela kumgangatho ophezulu.
Amabakala ohlukeneyo e-PP
I-PP yePlastics ivela kumabakala ahlukeneyo, nganye ineepropathi zayo ezahlukileyo kunye nezicelo. Ukusuka kwii-homopolymers ukuya kwi-copolymers kunye namabakala akhethekileyo, kukho i-PP kuyo yonke imfuno.
I-homopollymers
I-homopollys ziihombo ezinenjongo ngokubanzi zehlabathi ze-PP. Zitshintshile kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Esona sibonelelo sabo esiphambili singamandla kunye nokuqina kwabo. Bakwanayo neqondo lobushushu obuphezulu lobushushu (i-HDT) xa kuthelekiswa namanye amabakala.
Ibhloko ye-copolymers
Ibhloko ye-copolymers ithatha i-PP ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo xa kufikwa kulawulo lwempembelelo. Bagcina ubunzima babo nakwamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, abenze balungele iimfuno.
Iimodyuli zempembelelo zinokongezwa ukuze ziphucule ubunzima babo. Indibaniselwano yamandla kunye nokuqina kunzima ukubetha.
I-Copolymers engaqhelekanga
I-Copolymers engaqhelekanga zizisa iseti yepropathi etafileni. Banendawo ethambileyo yokunyibilika, evumela ukuba iguquguquke ngakumbi ekusebenzeni nasekusetyenzisweni.
Bakwabonelela ngokucaca okuphuculweyo, besenza ukhetho olukhulu lweemveliso ezibonakalayo. Nge-1-7% ye-Infonomer ye-co-monomer, babetha ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye ne-aesthetics.
Amabakala akhethekileyo
Amabakala akhethekileyo e-PP ayilelwe ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile. Amabakala azele kakhulu, umzekelo, aqukethe i-10-40% ye-talc, enyusa ubunzima babo kunye ne-HDT.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza ngeendleko zokuncitshiswa kwengqolowa. Amabakala eglasi aqinileyo, kwelinye icala, aqukethe imicu yeglasi engama-30, ekhulisa kakhulu amandla abo, ukuqina, kunye ne-HDT.
Ukurhweba kukuncitshiswa kokunganyangeki kwempembelelo. Konke kukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo yesicelo.
| zeBakala | eziphambili zePropathi | Izicelo |
| I-homopollymers | Yomelele, iqinile, i-HDT ephezulu | Iinjongo jikelele |
| Ibhloko ye-copolymers | Ukunganyangeki okuphezulu, nzima | Ukufuna izicelo |
| I-Copolymers engaqhelekanga | Inqaku eliphantsi lokutshona, iguquguqukayo, icace | Iimveliso ezibonakalayo |
| Izele | Ukwanda kwe-hards kunye ne-HDT, ubunzima obuncitshisiweyo | Izicelo ezithile |
| Iglasi-iqiniswe | Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye ne-HDT, ifuthe elincitshisiweyo | Izicelo zesakhiwo |
Ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala afumanekayo, i-PP ye-PP inokuthi ilungiswe ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezithile zePly phantse nasiphi na isicelo. Nokuba ngamandla, ukuqina, ukucaciswa, okanye ukumelana nobushushu, kukho ibanga le-PP ehambelana neBhili.
Izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwe-PP
Izibonelelo
Iplastiki yePolypropylene (PP) iplastiki inezibonelelo ezininzi. Inzuzo enye ephambili ziipropathi zayo ezilungileyo zokungaxhathisi . Inokukhusela i-acids, iziseko kunye nezinyibilikisi. Oku kukwenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukupakisha kunye neendlela zemoto.
I-PP ikwabonelela ngokuchaseneyo nokungakhathali ngokupheleleyo. Inokunyamezela uxinzelelo oluphindaphindekayo ngaphandle kokophula. Le ndawo ibalulekile kwiimveliso ezisebenza rhoqo, ezinje ngokwazisa ngokuphila ngokupakisha kunye nezinto zemoto.
Enye ilungelo elibalulekileyo kukuchaswa kobushushu be-PP. Ineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lokunyibilika , oko kuthetha ukuba linokujongana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-HDPE. Oku kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo esifuna ukumelana nobushushu, njengamazikhololo zokutya kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
I-PP ikwalula kune-HDPE. Indalo yayo esezantsi yendalo iyanceda ukunciphisa ubunzima beemveliso ngokubanzi. Oku kuyingenelo ikakhulu kumzi-mveliso we-automotive, apho ukuncitshiswa kwesisindo kuphucula ukusebenza kwepetroli.
Ukungancedi
Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezininzi, i-PP ineengxaki. Omnye umba ophambili kukuchaphazeleka kwayo ukonakaliswa kwengxaki. Xa kudibana nezinto ezithile ezinje ngobhedu, i-PP inokuncipha ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthintela ukusebenzisa indawo kwiindawo apho kukho izinto ezinjalo.
I-PP ikwanayo i-shrinkige ephezulu kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kokungazinzanga kwiindawo ezibunjiweyo. Inkqubo yokubamba inaliti ifuna ulawulo ngononophelo ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo.
I-righp ephezulu yenye into engenamsebenzi ye-PP. Ixesha elingaphezulu, phantsi koxinzelelo olungapheliyo, i-PP inokuthi isebenze. Le ndawo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-creep, ichaphazela intsebenzo yayo yexesha elide kwizicelo ezinomthwalo.
Okokugqibela, i-PP ine-UV yokunganyangeki. Ukuvezwa kwelanga kunokubangela i-polymer ukuba inciphise. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo zangaphandle ngaphandle kokuba uzinzile nge-UV ethintela.
Ukuqukumbela
I-Polypropylene (PP) yiplastiki esetyenzisiweyo kunye neplastiki esetyenzisiweyo. Inomchasi ogqwesileyo kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu. I-PP isetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, ukusuka kwi-automotive kwizonyango.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PP ibandakanya inaliti yokubumba kunye nokuphuma. Indlela nganye ivelisa iimveliso ezithile ezinjengeenxalenye zemoto okanye ukupakisha. Kukho amabakala ohlukeneyo e-PP, kubandakanya i-homopolymers kunye ne-copolymers.
Ukukhetha iBanga le-PP le-PP kubalulekile kwizicelo ezithile. Iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo ziqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokusebenza. I-PP ihlala ibalulekile kwimveliso yanamhlanje ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuthembeka.
