IPlastiki yePP (iPolypropylene): Iimpawu, usetyenziso, iiNkqubo zokuVelisa, kunye namaBanga ahlukeneyo

Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba yintoni eyenza izinto zemihla ngemihla njengezikhongozeli zokutya, iinxalenye zemoto, kunye nezixhobo zonyango zomelele kangaka? Impendulo ifumaneka kwiiplastiki zepolypropylene (PP). Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa.

Kule post, siza kuphonononga iimpawu, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neenkqubo zokwenza iiplastiki zePP. Uya kufunda ngamabakala ahlukeneyo ePP kwaye kutheni eyimfuneko kwimveliso yanamhlanje.

Yintoni iPolypropylene (PP)?

I-Polypropylene (PP) yi-thermoplastic eguquguqukayo. Ludidi lwepolymer eyeqela le-polyolefin. I-PP iyaziwa ngokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo. Isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kweekhemikhali kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika.

Ulwakhiwo lweMichiza kunye noKuqulunqwa

I-Polypropylene inesakhiwo esilula. Iqukethe iiyunithi eziphindaphindiweyo zepropylene monomers. Lo mgca wepolima yehydrocarbon inobuxhakaxhaka obuncinci okanye ayinayo. Ineqela le-methyl elidityaniswe kuyo yonke enye athom yekhabhoni. Olu lwakhiwo lunika iPP iimpawu zayo ezizodwa.

Ifomula yekhemikhali yepolypropylene yi (C3H6)n. Ubukho beqela le-methyl buchaphazela iimpawu zayo zomzimba. Yandisa indawo yokunyibilika yekristale kwaye iphucula ukuguquguquka kwepolymer.

Imbali kunye noPhuhliso lwePP

Ukuphuhliswa kwepolypropylene kwaqala ngo-1950. UGiulio Natta, usokhemisti waseItali, waba negalelo ekudalweni kwayo. Wavelisa i-polypropylene resin yokuqala kwi-1954. Imveliso yorhwebo yaqala ngo-1957. Ukususela ngoko, i-PP iye yaba enye yeeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezininzi kwePP kuqhube ukukhula kwayo. Ihambelana kakuhle neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa. Oku kuziqhelanisa kuye kwavumela ukuba ithathe indawo yezinye izinto kwizicelo ezininzi. Namhlanje, imfuno yehlabathi yepolypropylene inkulu kwaye iyaqhubeka nokunyuka.

Kutheni iPP ibalulekile?

Iipropati ezikhethekileyo zePolypropylene zenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi. kwayo neekhemikhali ezilungileyo Ukumelana kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika ibalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna ixesha elide. I-PP nayo ilula, enenzuzo ekunciphiseni iindleko zokuthutha.

Kwishishini leemoto, iPP isetyenziselwa iinxalenye zemoto ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ekupakishweni, ukukwazi kwePP ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwenza ukuba ilungele izikhongozeli zokutya kunye neminqwazi yeebhotile. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizixhobo zonyango kuyaphawuleka ngenxa yesakhono sayo sokuvala inzala.

I-Polypropylene inokucutshungulwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Isitofu sokubumba yindlela eqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo ivumela ukudalwa kweemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye noyilo. Ubushushu obuphantsi bokunyibilika bePP buyenza ifanele le ndlela yokuvelisa.

Iimpawu zePolypropylene (PP)

I-Polypropylene (PP) iqhayisa uluhlu lweempawu eziphawulekayo ezenza kube yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Masingene kumzimba, oomatshini, i-thermal, kunye neepropathi zekhemikhali ezahlula iPP.

Iipropati Zomzimba

Ulwakhiwo lwesemi-crystalline lwePP lunika umxube okhethekileyo wamandla kunye nokuguquguquka. Le polymer ye-thermoplastic ibetha ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka.

Xa kuziwa kubuninzi kunye nobunzima, iPP yintshatsheli ekhaphukhaphu. Inika umyinge wamandla ukuya kubunzima obunomtsalane, iyenza ilungele imveliso apho igram nganye ibala.

I-PP ingaba yinto ecacileyo okanye i-opaque, kuxhomekeke kuqulunqo oluthile. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela ukuba ibonelele uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno zobuhle.

Iipropati zoomatshini

Ukuqina kunye nokuqina kulapho iPP ikhanya ngokwenene. Inokumelana nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kunye nokunxiba, okwenza kube lukhetho oluthembekileyo kwizicelo ezifunayo.

Ukumelana nokudinwa kwePP kunye nokuqina kwayo kuyaphawuleka. Inokujongana noxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimilo okanye ingqibelelo yayo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide.

Ngamandla anomdla wokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina, i-PP inokugcina ifom yayo phantsi koxinzelelo. Oku kuyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna zombini ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina.

Iipropati zoThermal

I-PP ineqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-160 ° C (320 ° F). Oku kuxhathisa ubushushu kuvumela ukuba kugcinwe iimpawu zayo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zokushisa.

Ngokumalunga ne-thermal conductivity, i-PP yi-insulator egqwesileyo. Inokukunceda ukulawula amaqondo obushushu kunye nokuthintela ukutshintshwa kobushushu, okwenza kube luncedo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwe-thermal.

Iipropati zeMichiza

Enye yeempawu ezibalaseleyo zePP kukumelana kwayo neekhemikhali. Inokumelana nokuvezwa kuluhlu olubanzi lweeasidi, iziseko, kunye nezinyibilikisi ngaphandle kokuthotywa okanye ukuphulukana neempawu zayo.

I-PP ikwanokumelana nendalo kokungunda, ukungunda, kunye neebhaktheriya. Oku kwenza kube lukhetho lococeko lokupakishwa kokutya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezinye izicelo apho ucoceko lubalulekile.

yePropati	Inkcazelo
Ukuxinana	Ubuninzi obuphantsi, ubunzima
Indawo yokunyibilika	Malunga ne-160°C (320°F)
Ukumelana nemichiza	Ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwiiasidi, iziseko, kunye nezinyibilikisi
Ukudinwa Ukumelana	Inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimilo okanye ingqibelelo

Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwePolypropylene (PP)

Izicelo zonyango

I-Polypropylene (PP) i-thermoplastic isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yezonyango. Ukumelana kwayo neekhemikhali okugqwesileyo kuyenza ilungele izixhobo zonyango kunye nezikhongozeli. Ezi zinto ziquka iisirinji, iibhotile zonyango, izikhongozeli zeepilisi, kunye neebhotile zesampuli.

I-PP inokumelana neendlela zokuvala umphunga. Esi sikhundla sibalulekile ekugcineni ucoceko kwiindawo zonyango. Ukukwazi kwayo ukunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokuthotywa iqinisekisa ukuvala inzala ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.

Iipropathi ezilungileyo zokumelana neekhemikhali zePP nazo zithintela ukungcoliseka. Oku kwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kwizicelo zonyango apho ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ushishino lweemoto

Kwishishini leemoto, iPP ixabiswa kakhulu. Isetyenziswa kumalungu emoto anje ngeedeshibhodi, iibhampa, kunye nezilungisi. yemathiriyeli Ukuqina kokumelana nempembelelo kuqinisekisa ukuba la macandelo anokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwemihla ngemihla.

I-PP ilula kwaye iguquguquka. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo bezithuthi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. Ikwanceda ekwenzeni iimilo ezintsonkothileyo, ngenxa yenkqubo yokubumba inaliti.

Ukuqina kokuchasana kweekhemikhali kwePP kuqinisekisa ukuba inokumelana neoyile, igrisi, kunye nolunye ulwelo lweemoto. Oku kuhlala kwandisa ubomi bamacandelo emoto, okwenza i-PP ibe yinto engabizi kakhulu yokukhetha abavelisi.

Ishishini lokuPakisha

I-PP lukhetho oludumileyo kwishishini lokupakisha. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe kuzo zombini iipakethe eziguquguqukayo kunye nezingqongqo. Ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, ifilimu yePP ihlala isetyenziselwa ukutya kunye ne-confectioneries ukupakisha.

Izicelo zokupakisha eziqinileyo ziquka izikhongozeli zokutya, iminqwazi yeebhotile, kunye nokuvalwa. I-PP's high melting point resistance iqinisekisa ukuba inokuphatha ukutya okushushu ngaphandle kokukhubazeka. kwayo kakuhle kwemichiza Ukunyameka kuyenza ilungele ukugcina iimveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Isakhono se-PP sokwenza ipropathi edityanisiweyo yehenjisi iluncedo ekupakisheni efuna ukuvulwa nokuvala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengeebhotile zeshampu kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya.

Ishishini leMilaphu

Ipolypropylene ikwasetyenziswa kwishishini lelaphu. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla, iikhaphethi, kunye ne-upholstery. bendalo Ubuninzi obuphantsi bendalo buyenza ikhululeke kwizinto ezinxitywayo.

I-PP idumile kwimpahla yezemidlalo kunye nezixhobo ezixhathisa imozulu. Ubuchule bayo bokucima ukufuma bugcina lowo ulinxibileyo omile. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimpahla zezemidlalo kunye nezangaphandle.

Uxinzelelo olulungileyo lokumelana nokudinwa kwePP luqinisekisa ukuba amalaphu enziwe kuwo ahlala ixesha elide. Bangakwazi ukumelana nokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuhlamba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zabo.

Impahla zomthengi

I-PP ixhaphake kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya. Ezi ziquka ifanitshala, izinto zokudlala, kunye nezixhobo zombane. yawo Amandla okumelana nempembelelo ayenza ilungele izinto ezifuna ukuqina.

Ekhitshini, iPP isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezikhongozeli. Ukumelana kwayo neekhemikhali okugqwesileyo kuyayithintela ekubeni isabele kwizinto zokutya. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobomi obude be-kitchenware.

Kwizinto zokudlala, iipropathi zePP eziphezulu zokugquma ziqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kubantwana. Izinto eziphathekayo aziqhubeki ukushisa, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshisa. Umjikelo wayo olungileyo wokumelana nokudinwa uqinisekisa ukuba iithoyi ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ukuphathwa kakubi ngabantwana.

Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwePolypropylene (PP)

Inkqubo yePolymerization

Iplastiki yePolypropylene (PP) yenziwe ngenkqubo yepolymerization. Oku kubandakanya ukudibanisa ipropylene monomers kwipolymer. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: i-slurry, isisombululo, kunye neenkqubo zesigaba segesi.

Kwinkqubo ye-slurry, ipropylene ixutywe kunye ne-diluent. I-catalyst yongezwa ukuqala ukusabela. Iifom zepolymer njenge-slurry, ethi ke ihlulwe kwaye yomiswe.

Inkqubo yesisombululo inyibilika ipropylene kwi-solvent. I-catalyst iqalisa i-polymerization, kwaye i-polymer kamva ikhutshwe kwaye yomiswe.

Inkqubo yesigaba segesi isebenzisa ipropylene yegesi. I-catalyst yongezwa, kwaye i-polymer yenza ngokuthe ngqo njengomgubo. Le ndlela iyasebenza kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ii-catalysts zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo. Balawula izinga lokuphendula kunye nesakhiwo sepolymer. Ziegler-Natta catalysts zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Banceda ukuvelisa i-polypropylene ephezulu kunye neempawu ezithile.

Isitofu sokubumba

I-injection molding yindlela ephambili yokubumba i-polypropylene (PP) resin. Kule nkqubo, i-PP enyibilikisiweyo itofwa kwi-mold. Umngundo uchaza imilo yemveliso yokugqibela.

Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti iqala ngokufudumeza iPP de inyibilike. Iqondo lobushushu lokunyibilika liphakathi kwama-200°C kunye nama-250°C. Iplastiki etyhidiweyo ithi ke itofwe kumngxuma wokungunda. Emva kokupholisa, isikhunta sivulwa, kwaye umkhiqizo uyakhutshwa.

Isitofu sokubumba siguquguquka kwaye siyasebenza. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka iinxalenye zeemoto, iimpahla zendlu, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ubuchule bokwenza isitofu sokubumba buvumela iimilo ezinzima kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.

Extrusion

I-Extrusion yenye indlela eqhelekileyo yokucubungula i-polypropylene (PP) i-polymer. Kwi-extrusion, i-PP iyanyibilika kwaye inyanzeliswe ngokufa ukwenza iimilo ezinde. Ezi milo zinokusikwa okanye ziqengqeleke zibe yimveliso.

Inkqubo ye-extrusion ibandakanya ukondla iipellets zePP kwi-extruder. Iipellet zifudunyezwa de zinyibilike. I-PP etyhidiweyo ityhalelwa kwidayisi. Ubume bedayiti bumisela imveliso yokugqibela.

I-Extrusion isetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho, amaphepha, kunye neefilimu. Ifilimu yePP isoloko isetyenziselwa ukupakisha ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye namandla. Ifilimu ye-PP extrusion inokuvelisa zombini ifilimu ephosiweyo kunye nefilimu ye-bi-axially oriented (BOPP).

Vuthela Ukubumba

Ukubumba ukuvuthela kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iindawo zeplastiki ezingenanto. Bubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokwenza iibhotile kunye nezikhongozeli. Inkqubo iqala ngokunyibilikisa iPP kwaye iyenze ibe yicawa okanye i-preform.

Kwinkqubo yokubumba ukubetha , i-parison ifakwe kwi-mold. Umoya uvuthelwa kuyo, ibangele ukuba yande kwaye ithathe ubume bomngundo. Imveliso ipholile kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-mold.

Ukubumba ukuvuthela kuyasebenza ukwenza ukupakishwa okuqinileyo. Isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezifana neebhotile, iikepusi, kunye nokuvalwa. Ubuchwephesha buqinisekisa ubukhulu obufanayo kunye nokugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu.

AmaBanga ahlukeneyo ePlastiki yePP

Iiplastiki zePP ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukusuka kwi-homopolymers ukuya kwi-copolymers kunye namabanga akhethekileyo, kukho iPP yazo zonke iimfuno.

IiHomopolymers

IiHomopolymers ngamahashe okusebenzela enjongo jikelele yehlabathi lePP. Zinezinto ezininzi kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Enye yeenzuzo zabo eziphambili ngamandla abo kunye nokuqina. Bakwanayo nobushushu obuphezulu bokutshintsha ubushushu (HDT) xa kuthelekiswa namanye amabanga.

Vimba iiCopolymers

I-block copolymers ithatha iPP ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo xa ifika ekuchaseni impembelelo. Bagcina ukuqina kwabo nakwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, nto leyo ebenza ukuba balungele izicelo ezibango.

Izilungisi zempembelelo zingongeza ukomeleza ngakumbi ukuqina kwazo. Oku kudityaniswa kwamandla kunye nokomelela kunzima ukubetha.

IiCopolymers ezingaqhelekanga

Ii-copolymers ezingaqhelekanga zizisa isethi ekhethekileyo yeepropathi kwitafile. Banomlinganiselo ophantsi wokunyibilika, ovumela ukuguquguquka ngakumbi ekuqhubeni nasekufakeni izicelo.

Bakwanikezela ukucaca okuphuculweyo, okubenza babe lukhetho olukhulu lweemveliso ezicacileyo. Nge-1-7% yeeyunithi ze-ethylene co-monomer, zibetha ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye nobuhle.

Amabanga akhethekileyo

Amabakala akhethekileyo e-PP ayilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Amabakala azaliswe yi-Talc, umzekelo, aqukethe i-10-40% ye-talc, eyandisa ubunzima babo kunye ne-HDT.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza kwiindleko zokunciphisa ubunzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabakala aqiniswe ngeglasi, aqulethe i-30% yeefayili zeglasi, ezikhuthaza kakhulu amandla abo, ukuqina, kunye ne-HDT.

Ukurhweba kukunciphisa ukuchasana kwempembelelo. Imalunga nokufumana ibhalansi elungileyo yesicelo esikhoyo.

zeBakala	zeePropati eziPhambili	Izicelo
IiHomopolymers	Inamandla, iqinile, i-HDT ephezulu	Iinjongo jikelele
Vimba iiCopolymers	Ukuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu, kunzima	Ukufuna izicelo
IiCopolymers ezingaqhelekanga	Indawo yokunyibilika esezantsi, iyaguquguquka, icacile	Iimveliso ezicacileyo
I-Talc-Ezaliswe	Ukunyuka kobunzima kunye ne-HDT, ukunciphisa ubunzima	Usetyenziso oluthile
Iglasi-Eyongeziweyo	Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye ne-HDT, ukunciphisa impembelelo	Ukusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo

Ngoluhlu olubanzi olunjalo lwamabakala akhoyo, iiplastiki zePP zinokulungelelaniswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zaso nasiphi na isicelo. Nokuba ngamandla, ukuqina, ukucaca, okanye ukumelana nobushushu, kukho ibakala lePP elilingana nebhili.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zePP

Iingenelo

Iplastiki yePolypropylene (PP) ineenzuzo ezininzi. Enye inzuzo ephambili yimpawu zayo ezilungileyo zokuxhathisa imichiza . Iyakwazi ukumelana neeasidi, iziseko, kunye nezinyibilikisi. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukupakishwa kunye neenxalenye zemoto.

I-PP ikwabonelela ngamandla okumelana nokudinwa. Inokunyamezela uxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuphuka. Le propathi ibalulekile kwiimveliso ezihlala zisetyenziswa rhoqo, ezinje ngeehenjisi ezihlala kwipakethe kunye nezixhobo zemoto.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukuxhathisa ubushushu bePP. Inobushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika , okuthetha ukuba inokusingatha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neHDPE. Oku kuyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, njengezikhongozeli zokutya kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

I-PP ikwakhaphukhaphu kune-HDPE. Ubuninzi bayo obuphantsi bendalo ekhaphukhaphu bunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo beemveliso. Oku kunenzuzo ngakumbi kwishishini leemoto, apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.

Iingxaki

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi, iPP inezinye iingxaki. Omnye umba ophambili kukuchaphazeleka kwayo kukuwohloka kwe-oxidative. Xa udibana nezinto ezithile ezifana nobhedu, i-PP inokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo apho izinto ezinjalo zikhona.

I-PP nayo inokuncipha okuphezulu kokungunda kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwe-dimensional kwiindawo ezibunjiweyo. Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti idinga ukulawulwa ngononophelo ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo.

Ukunyuka okuphezulu kuyenye into engalunganga yePP. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, i-PP inokukhubazeka. Le propati, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-creep, ichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kwexesha elide kwizicelo zokuthwala umthwalo.

Okokugqibela, i-PP inokunganyangeki kwe-UV. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela ukuba ipholima ithobeke. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo zangaphandle ngaphandle kokuba izinzile kunye ne-UV inhibitors.

Ukuqukumbela

I-Polypropylene (PP) yiplastiki eguquguqukayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Inokumelana nekhemikhali egqwesileyo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika. I-PP isetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kunyango.

Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwePP ziquka ukubumba inaliti kunye ne-extrusion. Indlela nganye ivelisa iimveliso ezithile ezifana namalungu emoto okanye ukupakishwa. Kukho amabanga ahlukeneyo ePP, kubandakanywa i-homopolymers kunye ne-copolymers.

Ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo lePP kubalulekile kwizicelo ezithile. Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo ziqinisekisa ukuhlala kunye nokusebenza. I-PP ihlala ibalulekile kwimveliso yanamhlanje ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuthembeka.