Zenziwa njani iibhotile zeplasitiki

NGABA ukhe uzibuze ukuba iibhotile zeplastiki ozisebenzisayo zenziwa njani yonke imihla? Iibhotile zeplastiki ziye zaba yinxalenye yoluntu lwanamhlanje, ezinamawaka ezigidi eziveliswa minyaka le. Ukusuka kwiziselo kwiimveliso zononophelo lobuqu, ezi zikhongozelo zisetyenziswayo zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa imbali ebangela umdla yeebhotile zeplastiki kwaye siphonononge ukubaluleka kwabo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo senkqubo yokwenziwa kwebhotile yeplastiki, kwizinto ezingafunekiyo kwimveliso egqityiweyo.

Indaleko yeebhotile zeplastiki

Ukuphuhliswa kwasekuqaleni kwePlastiki yePolyester

Iiplasitiki zePolyester ziye zavela ngo-1833. Iinguqulelo zangaphambi kokuba zifakwe njengevation yolwelo. Ngo-1941, i-Dupont Chemists iphuhlise isilwanyana sasekhaya, uhlobo lwe polyester. Kuthathe ishumi leminyaka ukuba isilwanyana sasekhaya ukuba siye kwiplastiki yeebhotile.

Amanqanaba aphambili ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye neebhotile zeplastiki

Uhambo lwezilwanyana zasekhaya lwaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. I-1970s iphawulwe indawo yokutshintsha. UNataniel c. Wyths of Dupont wafaka ibhotile yeplastiki usebenzisa indlela yokubetha. Le micimbi ye-Innovation yaqubisana nemiba efana neendonga ezingalinganiyo kunye neengqwanga ezingekho mthethweni, ziguqula ishishini.

Iindidi zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhotile

Xa kufikwa ekwenzeni iibhotile zeplasitiki, ayizizo zonke iiplasitiki ezizenziwe ngokulinganayo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki zinepropathi eyahlukileyo ebangela ukuba izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele ezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhotile.

I-Polythylene Terephthalate (PET)

Isilwanyana sasekhaya kukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokwenza iibhotile zeplastiki. Ilula, iqinile, kunye nekristale. Ezi ndawo zenza ukuba zilungele ukupakisha iziselo, ukutya kunye neemveliso zononophelo lomntu.

Iibhotile zezilwanyana zinokuphindisela kwakhona. Banokunyibilikwa kwaye bakhutshelwe kwiibhotile ezintsha okanye ezinye iimveliso. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokulondolozwa kwezixhobo.

I-Polythylene ePhezulu (i-HDPE)

I-HDPE yenye iplastiki eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kwimveliso yebhotile. Kuyaziwa ngamandla ayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa kwiikhemikhali. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba zilungele ukupakisha iipakethi, iingcingo zemithi, kunye neemveliso zemizi-mveliso.

Iibhotile ze-HDPE nazo zinokuphindisela kwakhona. Banokuguqulwa zibe ziibhotile ezintsha, amaplanga ngeplastiki, okanye nezixhobo zokudlala. Okuhlumileyo kwenza i-HDPE ukhetho oludumileyo lwabavelisi abaninzi.

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

I-PVC yiplastiki engqongqo esetyenziswayo kwimveliso yebhotile. Yaziwa ngokucaca kwayo kwaye iyamelana neoyile kunye nefutha. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba zilungele ukupakisha iimveliso zokhathalelo njengeziqhwithi kunye ne-lotions.

Nangona kunjalo, i-PVC ineengxaki ezithile. Inokukhuthaza iikhemikhali zibe yimixholo yebhotile, ngakumbi xa ityhilwe kubushushu okanye ukukhanya kwelanga. Oku kukhokelele abavelisi abaninzi ukuba bakhuphe i-PVC bathanda ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.

I-Polythylene (i-ldpe)

I-ldpe yiplastiki eguquguqukayo edla ngokufunyanwa ekwenzeni iibhotile. Ithambile, iphosakele, kwaye kulula ukubumba kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ndawo zenza ukuba zilungele ukupakisha iipatiment, iisosi, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifuna ukusasazwa ngokulula.

Nangona kunjalo, i-ldpe inemida ethile. Ayisoqili okanye iqine njengezinye iiplastiki ezifana ne-HDPE okanye i-PET. Ikwanayo nendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, enokunciphisa umda ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezithile.

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhotile zeplastiki

Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba zenziwa njani iibhotile zeplastiki ezithunziyo? Yinkqubo enomdla ebandakanya ikhemistri, ubunjineli, kunye nobuncinci bomlingo. Masiphembe kwaye siphonononge umhlaba webhotile yeplastiki yeplastiki!

I-Polymerization yesilwanyana sasekhaya

Inkcazo yenyathelo ngalinye

1. Yonke iqala nge-Ethylene Glycol neTerephthayic Acid. Ezi khemikhali zimbini ziibhloko zokwakha ze-PET (i-Polythylene Terephthalate).

2. Iichemicals zixutywe kwaye zivuthiwe kwi-reactor. Amaqondo obushushu afikelela malunga ne-530 ° F (277 ° C).

3. Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, iikhemikhali ziphendule. Zibangela imixokelelwane emide yezimolekyuli zezilwanyana zasekhaya.

4. Isilwanyana sasekhaya sipholile kwaye sinqunywe kwiipellethi ezincinci. Ezi pellets zezinto eziluhlaza zemveliso yebhotile.

Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ngokubandakanya

• Inkqubo edibanisa i-ithylene glycol kunye ne-terephthayic acid ibizwa ngokuba yi-Polymerization.

• Njengoko iikhemikhali zisabela, zikhupha iimolekyuli zamanzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuphendula.

• Ukuphendula kwenzeka kwi-vacuum. Oku kunceda ukuqhuba emanzini kwaye igcina isilwanyana esicocekileyo.

Ukudalwa kweMpumelelo

Zithini izinto?

• I-PROFSS linqanaba lentsu nganye yeebhotile zeplastiki. Zincinci, ii-type-type-ityhubhu ye-PET.

• Ukuba ukhe wabona ibhotile yeplastiki enentamo yentambo, elo ntanjeni yayiyinxalenye yentshatsheli.

Zenziwa njani iintshayelelo

1. I-pellets yezilwanyana zasekhaya ishushu ide inyibilike ibe yindawo enkulu, isiphambuka.

2. Esi silwanyana saseMolten sigutyungelwe ukuba sibunjwe.

3. Ubumba buphonononge ngokukhawuleza, qinisa isilwanyana esiya kubume bentshabalalo.

4. Iintelekelelo zikhutshelwa ngaphandle kokubumba, zilungele inqanaba elilandelayo.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubumba kwiibhotile zeplastiki

Iibhotile zeplastiki zingena kuzo zonke iimilo nobungakanani. Ukusuka kwibhotile yamanzi ethobekileyo ukuya kwi-contours ye-shampoo, nganye nganye iyimveliso yobunjineli obufanelekileyo yobunjineli. Kwintliziyo yale nkqubo ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, nganye inamandla ayo kunye nezicelo.

I-Extrusion Slofting (EBM)

Inkcazo yenkqubo:

• Iplastiki ye-molten icinyiwe kwi-tube ye-tibe ebizwa ngokuba yiParison

• I-parison ibanjiwe kwi-sbuld kwaye i-invered nomoya

• I-Suble Darison ithatha ubume bobulqwayo, yenze ibhotile

Izibonelelo kunye nokusikelwa umda:

• I-EBM ikhawuleza kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ilungele ukuveliswa kwevolumu ephezulu

• Inokwenza iibhotile ngezibambo okanye ezinye iimilo ezinzima

• Nangona kunjalo, ayichanekanga kunolunye iindlela

I-resins efanelekileyo ye-EBM:

• I-Polythylene (PE) yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-EBM

• I-Polypropylene (PP) kunye nePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ziyasetyenziswa

Inaliti sloun

Inyathelo elinye kunye nenaliti yamanyathelo amabini:

• Kwi-Ibm yenyathelo elinye, i-perform yenziwe kwaye ivuthuzwa kwibhotile kwinkqubo enye eqhubekayo

• I-Ibm yamanyathelo amabini izalisa indalo kunye nebhotile evuthayo

• Inyathelo elinamanyathelo amabini okugcina kunye nokuhambisa izinto

Izibonelelo kunye nokuLawula:

• I-Ibm ivelisa iibhotile ngobukhulu bomhlaba oguqukayo kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo

• Ilungele ukwenza iibhotile ezincinci, ezineenkcukacha

• Nangona kunjalo, ihamba kancinci kune-EBM kwaye ilungele ibhotile enkulu

Izicelo ze-IBM:

• I-IBM ihlala isetyenziselwa iibhotile zonyango kunye ne-cosmetic

• Ikwasetyenziselwa iibhotile ezifuna ukungqubana okuqinisekileyo, njengebhotile ephezulu

Yolula ukubetha (i-SBM)

Iziphumo Ushwankathelo

• Ingqondo ishushu kwaye yoluliwe yintonga

• Ngaxeshanye, umoya oxinzelelweyo ophezulu uyayiphelisa imeko

• Ukuwolula kunye nokuvuthuza kunika ububanzi bebhotile kunye namandla

IINGXAKI ZE-SBM:

• I-SBM ivelisa ngokucacileyo, ezomeleleyo, eziqinileyo, ezikhanyayo

• Ukusolula kulungelelanisa iimolekyuli zeplastiki, ekwandiseni iipropathi zebhotile

Iphinda isebenze nge-SBM:

• I-Poalyethylene Terephthalate (PET) yindawo yokuqala ye-SBM

• Ukucaciswa kwesilwanyana kunye namandla enza ukuba ilungele iibhotile zesiselo esiyi-carb

Inaliti yokubumba

Iimpawu zezikhongozeli zenaliti:

• Inaliti yokubumba ivelisa i-precise, iibhotile ezineenkcukacha

• Isetyenziselwa i-caps, iilid, kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezingqongqo

• Iibhotile zena

I-resins isetyenziswa kwinaliti yokubumba:

• I-Polypropylene (i-PP) iqhelekile inaliti etyhidiweyo

• I-Polythylene (i-HDPE) ikwasetyenziswa

I-co-exrusion yeebhotile ezinamacala amaninzi

Itekhnoloji entsha yeBhotile yeBhola ekhatywayo:

• I-co-exrusion idibanisa iintlobo ezininzi zeplastiki ezahlukeneyo

• Ungqimba ngamnye unegalelo kwipropathi ethile, njengezithintelo zeoksijini okanye ukhuseleko lwe-UV

Izibonelelo zeebhotile ezinamagama amaninzi:

• Iibhotile ezinamagama amaninzi zinokwandisa ubomi beShelf

• Banokuphucula amandla ebhotile kunye nembonakalo

Izicelo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokubakho:

• Iibhotile ezinamagama amaninzi zisetyenziselwa ukutya kunye nokufakwa kwesiselo

• Ziluncedo kakhulu kwiimveliso ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni okanye ioksijini

Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kunye novavanyo

Iibhotile zeplasitiki zinokubonakala zilula, kodwa ininzi iqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile. Kulapho kuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye novavanyo. Masiphonononge ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinzima ezingqongqo zidlula ngaphambi kokuba zifike izandla.

Uvavanyo lokunganyangeki

Yenziwa njani

• Iibhotile zizaliswe ngamanzi kwaye emva koko yaphosa ezindaweni ezahlukeneyo eziphakamileyo

• Iindawo zokuphakama zilawulwa ngononophelo ukuze kulandelwe iimpembelelo zehlabathi zehlabathi

• Emva kokwehla, iibhotile zihlolwe ii-rocks, ukuvuza, okanye omnye umonakalo

ISIZATHU SOKUBA UXABANGELA

• Iibhotile zihlala zinohambo olubi ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya ekhayeni lakho

• Zinokulahlwa ngexesha lokupakisha, ukuthunyelwa, okanye zokugcina

• Uvavanyo lokunganyangeki lwefuthe luqinisekisa ukuba iibhotile zinokusinda ezi ziqhushumbisi kunye nokutsiba

Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo

Yenziwa njani

• Iibhotile zizaliswe ngumoya oxinzelelweyo okanye amanzi

• Ingcinezelo ngaphakathi kwebhotile iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe

• Iingcali zibeka ibhotile yazo naziphi na iimpawu zoxinzelelo okanye ukusilela

ISIZATHU SOKUBA UXABANGELA

• Iibhotile ezininzi, ngakumbi ezo zisiseko zekhampasi, ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo

• Ukuba ibhotile ayinakho ukumelana noxinzelelo, inokuqhuma okanye ukuvuza

• Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo kuchonga nawaphi na amabala abuthathaka kwibhotile okanye imveliso

Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa

Yenziwa njani

• Iibhotile zizaliswe ngumxube okhethekileyo wegesi

• Batywinwe kwaye babekwe kwindawo elawulwayo

• Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iingcali zilinganisa naluphi na utshintsho kwigesi kwigesi ngaphakathi kwebhotile

ISIZATHU SOKUBA UXABANGELA

• Ezinye iimveliso, njenge-bhiya okanye ijusi, zinokupheliswa yioksijini

• Ukuba ibhotile inobunzima kakhulu, ioksijini inokubona ngaphakathi kwaye itshabalalise imixholo

• UVAVANYO LWE-MISMEMPENCULA Uqinisekisa ukuba ibhotile ibonelela ngesithintelo esaneleyo

Uvavanyo olucacileyo

Yenziwa njani

• Iibhotile zibekwe phambi komthombo wokukhanya okuqaqambileyo

• Iingcali okanye iinkqubo ezenzekelayo zijonga nayiphi na i-haze, amasuntswana, okanye esinye isiphene

• Iibhotile ezingafezekisi imigangatho yokucamuka ziyaliwa

ISIZATHU SOKUBA UXABANGELA

• Kwiimveliso ezininzi, imbonakalo yebhotile iphantse ibaluleke njengomsebenzi wayo

• Abathengi bafuna ukubona imveliso ngaphakathi, kwaye nasiphi na isiphene kwibhotile sinokubeka ngaphandle

• Uvavanyo olucacileyo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zonke iibhotile zihlangabezana nemigangatho yobuhle

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqonda indlela ezenziwe ngayo iibhotile zeplastiki ezibalulekileyo. Sihlolisise indaleko yeebhotile zeplastiki. Uphuhliso lokuqala kunye neempawu eziphambili zeqhosha zibalaselisa indima yesilwanyana sasekhaya.

Sivele kwiindidi zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwiibhotile. I-PET, i-HDPE, i-PVC, i-LDPE nganye inepropathi eyodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Inkqubo yokwenziwa yayineenkcukacha zenyathelo ngenyathelo. I-Polymerization, indalo eshukumayo, kwaye kwacaciswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukwazi le nkqubo kusinceda ukuba sikuxabise ubunzima emva kwebhotile elula yeplastiki. Ikwagxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokuzinza okuzinzileyo.