Ngaba iPlastiki yePlastiki iyabodeka

Inkunkuma yePlastiki yingxaki yokusingqongileyo ekhulayo, isityhala ukuba sifune ezinye iindlela ezilungele indalo. Iplastiki ye-PLA , ephuma kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, ihlala ithathwa njengokhetho oluluhlaza. Kodwa ngaba i-PLA inokonakala ngokwenyani?

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukuba ingaba iplastiki ye-PLA iyawohloka na njengoko bekuthembisiwe. Uya kufunda malunga nokubola kwayo, uyithelekise neeplastiki zemveli, kwaye ufumane iimpembelelo ezisebenzayo. Masingene kwinyani emva kwamabango aluhlaza ePLA.

Yintoni i-PLA yePlastiki?

Iplastiki yePLA imele iplastiki yePolylactic Acid. Luhlobo lwe-bioplastic eyenziwe kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nestatshi sombona okanye iswekile. Ngokungafaniyo neeplastiki zemveli, ezithathwe kwi-petroleum, iplastiki ye-PLA yenziwe ngezixhobo ezisekelwe kwizityalo. Oku kuyenza ibeyenye indlela eco-friendly kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo.

Yenziwa njani iPlastiki yePLA

Inkqubo yokwenza iplastiki yePLA iqala ngokutsalwa kwesitatshi kwizityalo ezinjengombona okanye umoba. Esi sitatshi siguqulwa sibe yidextrose. Ngokuvundiswa, i-dextrose iguqulwa ibe yi-lactic acid. Ekugqibeleni, iasidi ye-lactic idlula kwi-polymerization ukuze yenze i-PLA. Yonke le nkqubo isebenzisa ubutyebi bendalo, igxininisa ukuzinza.

Ukuthelekisa kunye neePlastiki zeMveli

Iiplastiki zemveli zenziwe ngamafutha efosili. Ezi plastiki zisekwe kwipetroleum azinaboli kwaye zithatha amakhulu eminyaka ukudilika. Ngokwahlukileyo, iplastiki ye-PLA zombini i-biodegradable kunye ne-compostable phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ibola ibe zizinto zendalo ezifana namanzi kunye nekharbon diokside, ishiya indawo encinci yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-PLA idinga izixhobo zokuvundisa kwimizi-mveliso ukuze zibole ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwePlastiki yePlastiki

Iplastiki yePLA iguquguquka kwaye isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Iyathandwa ekupakishweni, inika enye indlela ezinzileyo yezikhongozeli zokutya, iibhegi kunye neebhotile. Ushicilelo lwe-3D lukwaxhamla kwi-PLA, njengoko ibonelela ngemathiriyeli ethembekileyo yokwenziwa kwedesktop kunye nokucofa ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye izicelo ziquka izinto ezilahlwayo, iifilimu zezolimo, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango. Iimpawu zayo ze-eco-friendly zenza i-PLA ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwiimveliso ezininzi ezijoliswe ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Ithetha ukuthini iBiodegradable?

Inkcazo ye-Biodegradability

I-Biodegradability ibhekiselele kwisakhono semathiriyeli ukudiliza kunye nokubola kwizinto zendalo ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-microorganisms. Ezi zinto ziquka amanzi, ikharbon diokside, kunye ne-biomass. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo nokulawula inkunkuma.

Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable, njengeplastiki yePLA, ziyilelwe ukubola ngokukhawuleza kuneeplastiki zesintu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezibolayo kunye nezivundisiweyo. I-Biodegradable ithetha ukuba into inokophulwa ziintsholongwane phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukuvundisa, kwelinye icala, kuthetha ukuba imathiriyeli ayiqhekeki kuphela kodwa inegalelo kwimpilo yomhlaba ngokuba ngumgquba.

Iimeko zeBiodegradation

Ukuze ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeke, iimeko ezithile ziyimfuneko. Iqondo lobushushu, ubukho beentsholongwane, kunye namanqanaba eoksijini zonke zinendima ebalulekileyo.

• Iqondo lobushushu: Iiplastiki ezininzi ezinokuboliswa ngebhayoloji zifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuba aphuke kakuhle. Umzekelo, iplastiki ye-PLA idinga amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-55-70 ° C, afumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokubumba umgquba.

• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane kunye nokungunda zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokubola. Basebenzisa iplastiki kwaye bayiguqule ibe zizinto ezilula.

• Ioksijini: I-biodegradation yeAerobic yenzeke xa kukho ioksijini, ivelisa ikharbon diokside namanzi. I-Anaerobic biodegradation iyenzeka ngaphandle kweoksijini, okukhokelela kwimethane kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo.

Ngaba iPlastiki yePlastiki iyaBoneka?

Izifundo zeNzululwazi kwiPLA Biodegradability

Iplastiki yePLA ihlala ithengiswe njengeplastiki enokubola. Kodwa i-biodegradable kangakanani? Izifundo ezininzi zenzululwazi ziye zangena kulo mbuzo. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba i-PLA inokuthi i-biodegrade phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezi ziquka ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nobukho be-microorganisms ezithile.

Kwiindawo ezilawulwayo ezinje ngeendawo zokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso, ukophuka kwePLA kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zixhobo zigcina amaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-55-70 ° C, eyimfuneko yokubola kwe-PLA. Ii-Microorganisms kwezi zicwangciso zinceda ukwaphula i-bioplastic kwizinto zendalo ezifana namanzi kunye ne-carbon dioxide.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezi ndawo zilawulwayo, ukuthotywa kwePLA kuhamba kancinci. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba kumhlaba oqhelekileyo okanye kwiindawo zaselwandle, iplastiki ye-PLA inokuthatha iminyaka ukudilika. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokusebenza kwayo njengeplastiki enokubola kwimihla ngemihla.

Iingxabano kunye neMingeni

Ngelixa i-PLA i-biodegradable kwithiyori, iimeko zehlabathi zokwenyani zisa imingeni. Omnye umba ophambili kukunqongophala kwamaziko aneleyo okwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso. Ngaphandle kwezi, i-PLA ayinako ukuthotywa kwe-biodegrade ngokufanelekileyo. Lo mda kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwenkunkuma ye-PLA iphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, apho iziphatha njengeeplastiki zemveli.

Enye inkxalabo ebalulekileyo kukubunjwa kwe-microplastics. Naphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, i-PLA ayinakuqhekeka ngokupheleleyo, ishiya ngasemva amasuntswana eplastiki amancinci. Ezi microplastics zinokuba yingozi kwindalo, ngakumbi izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.

Igama elithi 'biodegradable' linokulahlekisa. Abathengi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba i-PLA iya kubola ngokwemvelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo, kodwa oku akunjalo. Ukonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kwe-PLA okusebenzayo kufuna iimeko ezithe ngqo, kaninzi azihlangabezwanga kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokulahla.

Ngaba iPlastiki yePlastiki inokuDityaniswa?

Inkcazo kunye neNkqubo yoMgquba

Ukwenza umgquba yinkqubo yokwahlulahlula izinto eziphilayo zibe ngumhlaba otyebileyo ngezondlo ngokwenza imicrobial. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo zendalo apho ii-microorganisms, ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye nefungi, zibola izinto eziphilayo. Umphumo uba ngumgquba, imveliso exabisekileyo etyebisa umhlaba.

Kwiplastiki ye-PLA, inkqubo yokwenza umgquba ifuna amanyathelo athile. I-PLA, iplastiki evundisiweyo, kufuneka ihlulwe ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ezi ziqwenga ke zibekwe kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma kwindawo elawulwayo. Iintsholongwane zidla i-bioplastic, zize ziyihlule ibe ngamanzi, ikharbon diokside, kunye ne-biomass. Le nkqubo isebenza kuphela kumaziko okwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso.

Iimfuno zokwenziwa komgquba wePlastiki

I-PLA biodegradability ixhomekeke ekuhlangabezaneni neemeko ezithile. Indawo yokwenza umgquba kufuneka igcine ubushushu obuphakathi ko 55-70°C. Ezi meko zomgquba wobushushu obuphezulu ziyimfuneko ukuze i-microorganisms ikhule kwaye iphule ngokufanelekileyo iPLA.

Izixhobo zokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso zibonelela ngezi meko zilawulwayo. Babeka iliso kwaye bagcine ubushushu obufunekayo, ukufuma, kunye namanqanaba e-oksijini, ukuqinisekisa ukubola okusebenzayo kwePLA. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo, ukwenza umgquba wePLA ekhaya okanye kumhlaba oqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka kwaye akusebenzi.

Iingenelo kunye nemingeni

I-Composting PLA ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Inceda ekunciphiseni inkunkuma ye-PLA kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kwaye ibe negalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokuguqula inkunkuma ibe ngumgquba onexabiso. Le nkqubo ikwanciphisa unyawo lokusingqongileyo kwiplastiki yePLA, ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi ngokuzinzileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ebalulekileyo. Owona mba uphambili kukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kwezixhobo zokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso. Uninzi loluntu luswele iziseko zophuhliso ezifunekayo kurhwebo lwe-PLA. Oku kunciphisa iinzuzo ezibonakalayo ze-PLA evundisiweyo. Ukongeza, ukuba i-PLA iphelela kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo, iziphatha njengeeplastiki zemveli, ezinegalelo kungcoliseko.

Ngaba iPlastiki inokusetyenziswa kwakhona?

Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha

Iplastiki ye-PLA, njengezinye i-bioplastics, inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kodwa inkqubo inzima. Ukurisayikilisha i-PLA kubandakanya ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlenga-hlengisa iplastiki, emva koko ukuyinyibilikisa ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukurisayikilishwa kwe-PLA kujongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kungcoliseko.

Ungcoliseko ngowona mba uphambili kwinkqubo yokurisayikilisha. I-PLA inokuxutywa ngokulula kunye nezinye iiplastiki ezingenayo i-biodegradable, eziphazamisa umjelo wokuhlaziya. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-PLA kunye neeplastiki zemveli zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika kunye neempawu zekhemikhali. Xa i-PLA ingcolisa iiplastiki ezisekwe kwipetroleum, inokuchaphazela umgangatho wezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, yenze kube nzima ukusetyenzwa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwePLA okusebenzayo kufuna inkqubo ezinikeleyo eyahlula iPLA kwezinye iindidi zeplastiki. Okwangoku, uninzi lwezixhobo zokurisayikilisha azinaso esi sakhono, zinciphisa amandla okurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma yePLA. Ukuphucula ukuchacha kwe-PLA, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokurisayikilisha kunye nezibonelelo ziyafuneka.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-PLA

Omnye umba omawuqwalaselwe kukukhutshwa kwe-PLA ngexesha loshicilelo lwe-3D. Xa iplastiki ye-PLA isetyenziselwa iteknoloji yokushicilela i-3D, ikhupha i-nanoparticles kunye ne-volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Oku kukhutshwayo kunokuchaphazela zombini impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Uphononongo lwezenzululwazi lubonise ukuba i-PLA ikhupha amasuntswana anjenge-lactide ngexesha loshicilelo lwe-3D. La masuntswana anokungena emiphungeni kwaye angene egazini, abeke iingozi zempilo. Ngaphezu koko, iifilaments ze-PLA zihlala zinezongezo, ezinokukhupha iikhompawundi eziyingozi xa zishushu.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo koku kukhutshwayo iyaxhalabisa. Nangona i-PLA ithengiswa njengeplastiki eco-friendly, izinto ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwedesktop negalelo kungcoliseko lomoya. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo okungena komoya kunye nokhuseleko abalulekile xa usebenzisa i-PLA kwimveliso eyongezelelweyo.

Ukunciphisa le miba, abanye abavelisi baphonononga imiqulu ye-PLA ekhutshwa kancinci kwaye ibandakanya iinkqubo ze-PLA zokurisayikilisha. Ezi nzame zijolise ekunciphiseni indawo ye-PLA kunye nokwandisa impembelelo yozinzo.

Ukuphonononga ezinye i-Biodegradable Materials

Iindidi zezinto zeBiodegradable Materials

Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable azikhawulelwanga kwiplastiki yePLA. Kukho ezinye iindidi ezininzi zemathiriyeli enokubola ekhoyo. Ezi zibandakanya iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwisitatshi, iiplastiki ezisekwe kwiselulosi, kunye neepolima ezinokonakala.

Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwisitatshi zenziwe ngezixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana nombona, iitapile, okanye i-tapioca. Zisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezifana nokupakishwa, izinto ezilahlwayo, kunye neengxowa. Ezi plastiki ziyavundiswa kwaye zithomalalisa ngokukhawuleza kuneeplastiki zesintu.

Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose zithathwe kwimicu yezityalo efana nomqhaphu okanye i-pulp yomthi. Ezi plastiki zisebenziseka kakuhle kwindalo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana neefilim, iingubo kunye nezihluzi. Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose ziyakwazi ukubola kwaye zinefuthe eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo.

Iipolymers ze-Biodegradable ziquka izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) kunye ne-polyglycolic acid (PGA). Ezi polymers ziyilelwe ukuba ziqhekeke phantsi kweemeko ezithile kwaye zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zonyango, ukupakishwa kunye neemveliso zezolimo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Uhlobo ngalunye lwemathiriyeli enokubola ineenzuzo neengozi zayo. Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwisitatshi ziyafikeleleka kwaye kulula ukuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, azinakuhlala ixesha elide njengeeplastiki zokwenziwa. Zikwafuna iimeko zokwenziwa komgquba ezilawulwayo ukuze zithobeke kakuhle.

Iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose zinika i-biodegradability egqwesileyo kwaye zithathwe kwizibonelelo ezizinzileyo. Icala labo kukuba zinokubiza kakhulu ukuvelisa kwaye zisenokungalungeli zonke izicelo.

Iipolymers eziguquguqukayo ze-Biodegradable ezifana nee-PHAs zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zinokuyilwa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo. Zibonelela ngezinto ezilungileyo zokubola kodwa zinokubiza kwaye zinokufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokucwangcisa.

Lilonke, ngelixa ezi zinto zingenye zibonelela ngeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, zikwanikezela imiceli mngeni ngokweendleko, ukuqina, kunye neziseko zoncedo zokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ikamva leMathiriyeli eBonekayo

Ikamva lemathiriyeli enokubola likhangeleka lithembisa ngezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo kunye nenkqubela phambili. Abaphandi baphuhlisa izinto ezintsha ezisekwe kwibhayoloji ezisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yezolimo kunye neemveliso zokudala i-bioplastics ifumana i-traction.

Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D nayo inegalelo kwinkqubela phambili yemathiriyeli enokubola. Izinto ezintsha ezenziweyo kwidesktop kunye neprototyping ekhawulezayo zenza ukuba kuyilwe izinto ezintsha eziprintiweyo ze-3D kusetyenziswa iiplastiki ezilungele indalo.

Iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphucula ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwePLA kunye nokuphuhlisa amaziko angcono okwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso. Olu phuculo luza kuphucula impembelelo yozinzo lweeplastiki ezinokonakala kwaye zinciphise indawo yazo yokusingqongileyo.

Ukuqukumbela

IPlasitiki yePLA yiplastiki ethembisayo enokubola eyenziwe ngemithombo ehlaziyekayo. Ibola phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezifana nomgquba wobushushu obuphezulu. Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-PLA kujongene nemingeni, ngakumbi ukosuleleka. Ukukhutshwa ngexesha loshicilelo lwe-3D kunempembelelo kwimpilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iimathiriyeli ezizezinye ezinokubola zibonelela ngeenzuzo kodwa zinemiqobo.

Sebenzisa i-PLA ngenkathalo kwaye uyilahle ngokufanelekileyo. Amaziko okwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso abalulekile. Abathengi kunye nabavelisi kufuneka bakhuthaze uzinzo. Khetha iinketho ze-eco-friendly kunye nenkxaso entsha eluhlaza.