Nibihe bikoresho bigize amacupa ya plastiki?

Amacupa ya plastike ari hose mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, uhereye kumazi tunywa kugeza kubicuruzwa dukoresha. Ariko wigeze wibaza icyo aya macupa akozwe mubyukuri?

Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzareba byimbitse ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugukora amacupa ya plastike. Tuzasesengura imiterere, ibyiza, nibibi bya buri kintu, tuguhe ibisobanuro byuzuye byinjira mumacupa ukoresha burimunsi.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

PET, cyangwa polyethylene terephthalate , ni plastike ikoreshwa cyane mugukora amacupa. Nibintu bisobanutse, bikomeye, kandi byoroheje byoroshye kubumbabumbwa muburyo butandukanye.

Amacupa ya PET akoreshwa muri:

• Ibinyobwa bya karubone

• Amazi

• Imitobe

• Amavuta yo guteka

• Kwambara salade

• Amavuta y'ibishyimbo

• Umunwa

• Shampoo

Ibyiza byo gukoresha PET kumacupa ni menshi. Ubwa mbere, biremereye, bigabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi kandi byorohereza abaguzi kubyitwaramo.

PET nayo iragaragara cyane, yemerera ibiri mumacupa kugaragara byoroshye. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kubicuruzwa nkibinyobwa, aho ibara nigaragara bishobora guhindura ibyemezo byubuguzi.

Usibye kuba woroshye kandi mucyo, PET iraramba bidasanzwe. Irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka itavunitse, bigatuma ihitamo neza kuruta ikirahuri kubikorwa byinshi.

Iyindi nyungu ya PET nigiciro cyayo. Ntabwo bihenze kubyara kuruta ibindi bikoresho byinshi, bifasha kugumya igiciro cyibicuruzwa byapakiwe hasi.

Nyamara, PET ifite imbogamizi imwe ikomeye: iremera imyuka. Ibi bivuze ko igihe kirenze, ogisijeni irashobora kunyura murukuta rwicupa kandi ikagira ingaruka kuburyohe nubwiza bwibirimo.

Kugereranya PET nibindi bikoresho nka HDPE, urashobora kugenzura iki gitabo kuri HDPE vs PET.

Polyethylene (HDPE)

HDPE, ngufi ya polyethylene yuzuye cyane, niyindi plastiki isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora amacupa. Azwiho ubuhanga bukomeye bwo kurwanya imiti no kuramba.

Uzasanga kenshi amacupa ya HDPE arimo:

• Amata

• Umutobe

• Ibikoresho byoza

• Shampoo

• Umuyoboro

• Amavuta ya moteri

• Imyenda yo kumesa

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi bya HDPE nimbaraga zayo. Irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye zitavunitse, bigatuma biba byiza kubicuruzwa bigomba gutwarwa no gukoreshwa kenshi.

HDPE kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imiti myinshi. Ibi bituma uhitamo gupakira ibicuruzwa byoza urugo hamwe nimiti yinganda.

Iyindi nyungu ikomeye ya HDPE niyisubiramo. Nibimwe mubintu byoroshye bya plastiki byoroshye gutunganya, kandi HDPE yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, kuva kumacupa mashya kugeza ibiti bya plastiki.

ku mutungo	Ibisobanuro
Imbaraga	Kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye
Kurwanya imiti	Kurwanya imiti myinshi
Gusubiramo	Byoroshye gukoreshwa
Guhindagurika	Irashobora gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bitandukanye

Ubwinshi bwa HDPE nabwo buragaragara. Irashobora kubumbabumbwa muburyo butandukanye no mubunini, bigatuma ikwirakwira mugari.

Nyamara, imwe mu mbogamizi ya HDPE ni kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke. Irashobora gutangira koroshya no guhindura ubushyuhe hejuru ya 120 ° C (248 ° F), igabanya imikoreshereze yibicuruzwa bisaba ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa kuzuza.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

PVC, cyangwa chloride polyvinyl, ni plastike itandukanye ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo no gukora amacupa. Azwiho gusobanuka no kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Amacupa ya PVC akoreshwa mubipfunyika:

• Imiyoboro

• Isuku

• Imiti

• Amavuta yo guteka

• Shampoos

• Ibisabwa

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi bya PVC nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana nubushyuhe butandukanye. Ibi bituma bikwiranye nibicuruzwa bishobora guhura nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubukonje mugihe cyo kubika cyangwa gutwara.

Iyindi nyungu ya PVC ni mucyo. Kimwe na PET, yemerera ibiri mu icupa kugaragara byoroshye, bishobora kuba ingenzi kubicuruzwa byabaguzi.

Ariko, PVC ifite ibibi byingenzi. Kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru bihangayikishije ni ubushobozi bwibikoresho bishobora kumeneka imiti yangiza, nka phthalate na bispenol A (BPA), mubiri mu icupa.

Ubushakashatsi bwahujije iyi miti nibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima, bituma abayikora benshi bashaka ubundi buryo bwo gupakira ibiryo n'ibinyobwa.

Ibyiza	​
Kurwanya ubushyuhe	Ibishobora guterwa imiti yangiza
Gukorera mu mucyo	Kurwanya UV nkeya

Ikindi kibazo hamwe na PVC nukurwanya kwayo kwinshi kumirasire ya ultraviolet (UV). Kumara igihe kinini kumurasire yizuba birashobora gutuma ibintu bigenda byangirika kandi bigahinduka ibara, bishobora guhindura isura nubusugire bw icupa.

Polyethylene (LDPE)

LDPE, cyangwa polyethylene nkeya , ni plastiki yoroshye kandi yoroshye. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukata amacupa no gupakira ibicuruzwa byita kumuntu.

Porogaramu zisanzwe kumacupa ya LDPE zirimo:

• Shampoo

• Gukunda

• Umuyoboro

• Gukaraba umubiri

• Ubuki

• Sinapi

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi bya LDPE nuburyo bworoshye. Amacupa akozwe muri ibi bikoresho biroroshye kuyanyunyuza, bigatuma biba byiza kubicuruzwa bigomba gutangwa muburyo bugenzurwa.

Iyindi nyungu ya LDPE ni kamere yayo yoroheje. Ibi ntibituma gusa amacupa yoroha kubikemura ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi nibidukikije.

Ariko, LDPE ifite aho igarukira. Kimwe mu bitagenda neza ni ukurwanya ubushyuhe buke.

Bitandukanye nibindi plastiki, LDPE irashobora gutangira koroshya no guhindura imikorere mubushyuhe buke. Ibi bituma bidakwiriye kubicuruzwa bisaba kuzura bishyushye cyangwa kuboneza urubyaro.

ku mutungo	Ibisobanuro
Guhinduka	Biroroshye gukanda
Umucyo	Kugabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi ningaruka kubidukikije
Kurwanya Ubushyuhe	Ntarengwa, yoroshya ubushyuhe buke
Imbaraga	Hasi ugereranije nibindi bya plastiki

Indi mbogamizi ya LDPE nimbaraga zayo zo hasi ugereranije nandi plastiki nka PET cyangwa HDPE. Mugihe gikwiye kubicuruzwa byinshi byita kumuntu, ntibishobora kuba amahitamo meza kubicuruzwa bisaba igisubizo gikomeye cyo gupakira.

Polypropilene (PP)

PP, ngufi kuri polypropilene , ni polimoplastique polymer ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo amacupa ya plastike. Azwiho kurwanya imiti myiza, imbaraga, no guhuza byinshi.

Amacupa ya PP akoreshwa mubipfunyika:

• Imiti

• Ibiryo

• Imiti

• Gusukura ibicuruzwa

• Ibikoresho byo kwita ku muntu

Imwe mungirakamaro zingenzi za PP ni hejuru yayo yo gushonga. Ibi bituma ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma ibera ibicuruzwa bisaba kuzura cyangwa gushyushya.

PP izwi kandi kubera imiti irwanya imiti. Irashobora kwihanganira guhura nimiti myinshi, harimo acide na base, ititesha agaciro cyangwa ngo itere.

ku mutungo	Ibisobanuro
Kurwanya imiti	Nibyiza, birwanya imiti myinshi
Ingingo yo gushonga	Hejuru, ibereye kuzura no gushyushya
Imbaraga	Nibyiza, bitanga kuramba
Guhindagurika	Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu

Iyindi nyungu ya PP nimbaraga zayo. Amacupa akozwe muri ibi bikoresho araramba kandi arashobora kwihanganira ingaruka atavunitse cyangwa ngo avunike.

PP nayo ni ibintu byinshi. Irashobora kubumbabumbwa muburyo butandukanye no mubunini, bigatuma ikwirakwira muburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira.

Nyamara, imbogamizi imwe ya PP ni isura yayo idahwitse. Bitandukanye na plastiki zimwe na zimwe, nka PET, PP ntabwo igaragara neza, ishobora kuba imbogamizi kubicuruzwa aho gusobanuka ari ngombwa.

Polystirene (PS)

PS, cyangwa polystirene, ni synthique ya aromatic hydrocarbon polymer. Nibintu bya pulasitike ikomeye ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bikoreshwa, CD, hamwe nuducupa twa plastike.

Amacupa ya polystirene akoreshwa mugupakira:

• Ibicuruzwa byumye

• Vitamine

• Imiti

• Amavuta yo kwisiga

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi bya PS nibisobanutse neza. Nibikoresho bisobanutse byemerera ibiri mumacupa kugaragara byoroshye.

PS nayo izwiho gukomera no gukomera. Ibi bituma ihitamo neza kubicuruzwa bisaba igisubizo gikomeye.

ku mutungo	Ibisobanuro
Kugaragara	Mucyo, yemerera ibirimo kugaragara
Kwinangira	Rigid, itanga ibipfunyika bikomeye
Kwikingira	Imashini nziza, ikomeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa
Igiciro	Ugereranije bihendutse ugereranije nibindi plastiki

Iyindi nyungu ya PS ni imiterere yayo. Nibikoresho byiza, bifasha kugumana ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa imbere mu icupa.

PS nayo irahendutse ugereranije nibindi plastiki. Ibi bituma ihitamo neza kubakora ibicuruzwa bashaka kugabanya ibiciro byo gupakira.

Ariko, imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye za PS ni ukurwanya ingaruka mbi zayo. Nibintu byoroshye bishobora gucika cyangwa kumeneka iyo byamanutse cyangwa bikagira ingaruka.

PS nayo ntabwo irwanya imiti nkizindi plastiki. Amashanyarazi amwe arashobora gutuma ashonga cyangwa agabanuka mugihe runaka.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije no gutunganya

Amacupa ya plastike yabaye impungenge zikomeye kubidukikije kubera gukoreshwa kwinshi no kujugunya. Amenshi muri ayo macupa arangirira mu myanda, aho ishobora gufata imyaka amagana kugirango ibore.

Amashanyarazi amwe amwe arekura imiti yangiza uko yamenetse, bigira uruhare mu kwanduza ubutaka n’amazi. Byongeye kandi, gukora amacupa ya pulasitike bisaba ingufu nimbaraga nyinshi, bikagira ingaruka kubidukikije.

Gusubiramo ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku macupa ya plastiki . Mugukoresha neza, turashobora kubungabunga umutungo, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, no kugabanya imyanda yoherejwe mumyanda.

Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa kirimo gukusanya, gutondeka, gusukura, no gushonga amacupa ya plastike. Ibikoresho bisubirwamo noneho bikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bishya, nkimyenda, itapi, ndetse nuducupa dushya. Gukoresha PET (rPET) ikoreshwa mu gupakira  biragenda byamamara kubera ingaruka nke z’ibidukikije.

Kode y'irangamuntu

Kugirango byoroherezwe gutunganya, amacupa ya plastike yanditseho kode iranga resin. Iyi code, mubisanzwe iboneka munsi y icupa, yerekana ubwoko bwa plastike yakoreshejwe.

Kode ya	plastike Ubwoko	busanzwe bukoreshwa
1	PET	Amacupa y'ibinyobwa byoroshye, amacupa y'amazi
2	HDPE	Amata y'amata, amacupa ya shampoo
3	PVC	Guteka amacupa yamavuta, amacupa
4	LDPE	Kata amacupa, amacupa yo kwisiga
5	PP	Amacupa yubuvuzi, amacupa ya ketchup
6	PS	Ibikoresho bya yogurt, ibikoresho bikoreshwa
7	Ibindi	Amashanyarazi avanze, polyakarubone

Mugusobanukirwa aya ma code, abaguzi barashobora gutondekanya neza imyanda ya plastike kugirango ikoreshwe. Ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya byakira plastike yanditseho 1 na 2, kuko aribwo bwoko bukoreshwa cyane.

Ibikoresho bimwe birashobora kandi kwakira plastike yanditseho 3 kugeza kuri 7, ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura hamwe nu muturage wawe utunganya ibicuruzwa kugirango ubone amabwiriza yihariye

Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza mu bikoresho by'amacupa ya plastike

Mu gihe impungenge z’ingaruka ku bidukikije z’amacupa ya pulasitike zikomeje kwiyongera, abashakashatsi n’abakora ubushakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishya n’ibisubizo. Agace kamwe keza ko kwiteza imbere ni bio-ishingiye kandi ibinyabuzima byangiza.

Ibi bikoresho, biva mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori cyangwa ibisheke, bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyane ikirere cyibidukikije kumacupa ya plastike. Barashobora kumeneka vuba cyane kuruta plastiki gakondo, kugabanya imyanda irangirira mumyanda.

y'ibikoresho	Inkomoko	Biodegradability
PLA	Ibigori by'ibigori, ibisheke	Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika mubihe byifumbire mvaruganda
PHA	Fermentation ya bagiteri	Biodegradable mubidukikije bitandukanye, harimo ninyanja
Bio-PE	Ethanol	Ibidashobora kwangirika, ariko bigabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli

Ikindi gice cyibandwaho ni udushya two gupakira. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya bishobora kugabanya urugero rwa plastiki ikoreshwa mu macupa bitabangamiye imikorere yabo.

Kurugero, ibigo bimwe biteza imbere amacupa afite inkuta zoroshye cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho nkibirahure cyangwa aluminiyumu kubicuruzwa bimwe. Abandi barimo kugerageza sisitemu yo gupakira cyangwa kongera gukoreshwa kugirango bagabanye plastike imwe.

Ubushakashatsi niterambere mubikoresho birambye nabyo bigenda byiyongera. Abahanga barimo gukora iperereza kuri polymers nuburyo bushya bwo gukora bushobora gukora plastiki hamwe nogusubiramo neza, ibinyabuzima, ndetse n’ibidukikije.

Bimwe muri ibyo byiterambere birimo:

• Enzymatically recycled plastike

• Plastike ikozwe muri CO2 cyangwa metani

• Plastike ikomezwa ukoresheje fibre naturel

• Imiti ikoreshwa neza

Mugihe tekinoroji igenda itera imbere, turashobora kwitegereza kubona uburyo bugenda bwiyongera kumahitamo arambye kumacupa ya plastike. Mugushyigikira ubushakashatsi niterambere muriki gice, turashobora gukora mugihe kizaza aho gupakira plastike bigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Muri iki kiganiro, twasuzumye ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu gukora amacupa ya plastike, harimo PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, na PS. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bya plastiki gifite imiterere yihariye, ibyiza, nibibi bituma bikenerwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Gusobanukirwa ibiranga ibyo bikoresho ningirakamaro muguhitamo neza ibicuruzwa tugura nuburyo tubijugunya. Kumenya ingaruka zidukikije kumacupa ya plastike, turashobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya imyanda no gushyigikira ibisubizo birambye byo gupakira.