Amacupa ya plastike iri hose mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, mumazi tunywa kubicuruzwa byosukura dukoresha. Ariko wigeze wibaza ibyo ayo macupa akozwe?
Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzafata ibyimbitse turebe ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugukora amacupa ya plastike. Tuzasesengura imitungo, ibyiza, nibibi bya buri kintu, biguha gusobanukirwa neza ibijya mumacupa ukoresha buri munsi.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)
Amatungo, cyangwa Polyethylene Teraphthalate , ni plastiki ikoreshwa cyane mugukora icupa. Nibikoresho bisobanutse, bikomeye, kandi byoroheje bibumbwe muburyo butandukanye.
Amacupa y'amatungo akunze gukoreshwa kuri:
Ibinyobwa bya karbone
Amazi
Imitobe
Amavuta yo guteka
Kwambara salade
Amavuta y'ibishyimbo
Umunwa
Shampoo
Ibyiza byo gukoresha gutunga amacupa ni byinshi. Ubwa mbere, ni uburemere, bugabanya amafaranga yo gutwara no korohereza abaguzi gukora.
Amatungo nayo arasobanutse, yemerera ibiri mu icupa kugirango byoroshye kugaragara. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane kubicuruzwa nkibinyanyoga, aho ibara nisura bishobora guhindura ibyemezo byo kugura.
Usibye kuba umucyo woroheje nu mucyo, amatungo araramba bidasanzwe. Irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zidasenya, zigahitamo umutekano kuruta ikirahure kubisabwa.
Indi nyungu yinyamanswa nigiciro cyacyo. Ntabwo bihenze kubyara kuruta ibindi bikoresho byinshi, bifasha kubika igiciro cyibicuruzwa byapakiwe hasi.
Ariko, amatungo afite ibyago bimwe byingenzi: birakomeye kuri gaze. Ibi bivuze ko igihe kirenze igihe, ogisijeni ishobora kunyura mu rukuta rw'icupa kandi igira ingaruka kuryohe n'ubwiza bw'ibirimo.
Kugereranya amatungo nibindi bikoresho nka HDPE, urashobora kugenzura iki gitabo kuri HDPE vs Pet.
Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (HDPE)
HDPE, ngufi kubwinshi-amashanyarazi polyethlene, niyindi pererwamo ya pulasitike ikoreshwa mugukora icupa. Birazwi kubera kurwanya imiti myiza no kuramba.
Uzabona akenshi amacupa ya HDPE arimo:
Amata
Umutobe
Gusukura abakozi
Shampoo
Konderetioner
Amavuta ya moteri
Kumesa
Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi za HDPE nimbaraga zayo. Irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye utarimoho, bigatuma ari byiza kubicuruzwa bigomba gutwarwa no gukemurwa kenshi.
HDPE nayo yirata cyane kumiti myinshi. Ibi bituma uhitamo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byo gusunika murugo nimiti yinganda.
Izindi nyungu zingenzi za HDPE ni ugutunganya. Nimwe muri phostique yoroshye yo gutunganya, kandi isubiramo HDPE irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, uhereye kumacupa mashya kubiti bya plastike.
| Ibisobanuro | |
| Imbaraga | Kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye |
| Kurwanya imiti | Irwanya imiti myinshi |
| Recyclability | Byoroshye |
| Bitandukanye | Irashobora gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bitandukanye |
Ibisobanuro bya HDPE nabyo birashimishije. Irashobora kubumba muburyo butandukanye, bigatuma bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye.
Ariko, ibisubizo bimwe bya HDPE nubushyuhe buke. Irashobora gutangira koroshya no guhindura ubushyuhe hejuru ya 120 ° C (248 ° F), bigabanya imikoreshereze yayo kubicuruzwa bisaba ko-ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa kuzura.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Pvc, cyangwa polyvinyl chloride, ni plastike ya farashi ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo no gukora icupa. Birazwi ko bisobanutse no kurwanya impinduka zubushyuhe.
Amacupa ya PVC akunze gukoreshwa mugupakira:
Ibikoresho
Isuku
Imiti
Amavuta yo guteka
Shampoos
Kondera
Imwe mu nyungu nyamukuru ya PVC nubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bituma bikwirakwira kubicuruzwa bishobora guhura nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubukonje mugihe cyo kubika cyangwa gutwara.
Indi nyungu ya PVC ni umucyo wacyo. Kimwe n'itungo, ryemerera ibiri mu icupa byoroshye kugaragara, bishobora kuba ingenzi kubicuruzwa byabaguzi.
Ariko, PVC ifite ibibi byingenzi. Imwe mu mpungenge nyamukuru nubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gukodesha imiti yangiza, nka Phthalates na Bishenol A (BPA), mubikubiye mu icupa.
Ubushakashatsi bwahujije iyo miti kubibazo byubuzima butandukanye, biganisha ku bakora byinshi kugirango bashake ibindi bikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo n'ibiryo.
| Ibyiza | Ibibi |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe | Irashobora gusohora imiti yangiza |
| Mu mucyo | Kurwanya UV |
Ikindi kibazo hamwe na PVC ni ukurwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV). Hafi yizuba ku zuba birashobora gutera ibikoresho byo gutesha agaciro no guhindura discolor, bishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubusugire bwicupa.
Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (LDPE)
Ldpe, cyangwa ubucucike bwa polyethylene , ni plastiki yoroshye kandi yoroshye. Bikoreshwa mubisanzwe mugukanda amacupa no gupakira ibicuruzwa byita kugiti cyawe.
Ibisabwa bisanzwe kumacupa ya LDPE arimo:
Shampoo
Amavuta
Konderetioner
Gukaraba umubiri
Ubuki
Sinapi
Kimwe mubyiza byingenzi bya ldpe ni byoroshye guhinduka. Amacupa yakozwe muri ibi bikoresho biroroshye gukanda, bituma biba byiza kubicuruzwa bigomba gutangwa muburyo bugenzurwa.
Indi nyungu ya ldpe ni kamere yoroshye. Ibi ntabwo bituma amacupa yoroheje kugirango akemure ariko nayo igabanye ibiciro byo gutwara no kugira ingaruka zibidukikije.
Ariko, ldpe ifite imbogamizi. Imwe mu myambaro nyamukuru nubushyuhe buke.
Bitandukanye nibindi plastiki, ldpe irashobora gutangira koroshya no guhindura ubushyuhe buke ugereranije. Ibi bituma bidakwiriye ibicuruzwa bisaba kuzura cyangwa kuboneza urubyaro.
| Ibisobanuro | |
| Guhinduka | Biroroshye gukanda |
| Umucyo | Kugabanya ibiciro byo gutwara no kugira ingaruka zibidukikije |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe | Bigarukira, byoroshye ku bushyuhe buke |
| Imbaraga | Munsi ugereranije na plastiki |
Indi mpangano ya ldpe nimbaraga zayo zo hasi ugereranije nizindi phostique nkamatungo cyangwa hdpe. Nubwo bikwiye kubicuruzwa byinshi byitaweho, ntibishobora guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bisaba igisubizo gishimishije cyo gupakira.
PolyproPylene (pp)
PP, ngufi kuri polypropylene , ni polymockeleque ya thermostike ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, harimo amacupa ya plastike. Birazwi kubera kurwanya imiti myiza, imbaraga, no muburyo butandukanye.
Amacupa ya PP akunze gukoreshwa mugupakira:
Imwe mubyiza byingenzi bya PP nibisobanuro byayo bishonga. Ibi bituma uhanganye n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma bikwirakwira kubicuruzwa bisaba kuzura cyangwa kuboneza urubyaro.
PP izwiho kandi kubera kurwanya imiti myiza. Irashobora kwihanganira guhura n'imiti myinshi, harimo aside hamwe na base, nta gutesha agaciro cyangwa ngo agere.
| Ibisobanuro | |
| Kurwanya imiti | Byiza, birwanya imiti myinshi |
| Gushonga | Hejuru, akwiriye kwiyuzuza no kuboneza urubyaro |
| Imbaraga | Nibyiza, itanga iramba |
| Bitandukanye | Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye |
Indi nyungu ya PP niyo mbaraga zayo. Amacupa yakozwe muri ibi bikoresho araramba kandi arashobora kwihanganira ingaruka nta gutobora cyangwa kumena.
PP nayo ni ibintu bihuriyeho. Irashobora kubumbabumbwa muburyo butandukanye, bigatuma bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira.
Ariko, ingaruka imwe ya pp ni isura yacyo gato. Mu buryo butandukanye n'ibindi plastiki, nkamatungo, pp ntabwo ari mucyo mucyo, ishobora kuba iy'ibicuruzwa aho gusobanuka ari ngombwa.
Polystyrene (PS)
PS, cyangwa polystyrene, ni hynthecarbic hydrocarbone polymer. Ni plastike ikomeye ikoreshwa mugutanga umusaruro wangiritse, ka CD, hamwe nicupa rya plastike.
Amacupa ya polystyrene akunze gukoreshwa mugupakira:
Ibicuruzwa byumye
Vitamine
Imiti
Kwisiga
Imwe mu nyungu nyamukuru ya Zab ni usobanutse. Nibikoresho bisobanutse byemerera ibiri mu icupa kugirango byoroshye kugaragara byoroshye.
PS izwi kandi gukomera no gukomera. Ibi bituma bihitamo neza kubicuruzwa bisaba igisubizo gipakira gishimishije.
| Ibisobanuro | |
| Gusobanuka | Mu mucyo, yemerera ibikubiye |
| Gukomera | Rigid, itanga ibipfunyika |
| Insulation | Isulator nziza, ikomeza ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa |
| Igiciro | Ugereranije ugereranije nizindi plastiki |
Indi nyungu za PS ni ibintu byayo bikabuza. Ni insulator nziza, ifasha kugumana ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa imbere yicupa.
PS nayo irahendutse ugereranije nizindi plastiki. Ibi bituma bituma ari amahitamo ashimishije kubakora bashaka kugabanya ibiciro bipakira.
Ariko, ibibi bimwe bikomeye bya PS ni ugurwanya ingaruka mbi. Nibikoresho byoroheje bishobora gucamo cyangwa kuruhuka niba byagabanutse cyangwa byakorewe ingaruka.
PS ntabwo kandi ari nkurwanira imbonankubone nkandi mashusho. Ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe birashobora gutuma bishonga cyangwa gutesha agaciro mugihe runaka.
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije no gutunganya
Amacupa ya plastike yabaye impungenge zikomeye zishingiye ku bidukikije kubera gukoresha no kumara. Byinshi muri ayo macupa birangirira mumyanda, aho bashobora gufata imyaka amagana kugirango batabosore.
Ibishushanyo bimwe byangiza kandi imiti yangiza mugihe basenyutse, batanga umusanzu mubutaka no kwanduza amazi. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro w'amacupa ya plastike bisaba imbaraga n'umutungo munini, bitera imbaraga ibidukikije.
Gusubiramo ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije amacupa ya plastike . Mugusubiramo, turashobora kubungabunga umutungo, kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge, no kugabanya imyanda yoherejwe kumataka.
Inzira yo gutunganya ikubiyemo gukusanya, gutondeka, gusukura, no gushonga amacupa ya plastike. Ibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa noneho bikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bishya, nk'imyambaro, amafaranga, ndetse n'amacupa mashya. Gukoresha itungo risubirwamo (RPEPT) kubipakira bigenda birushaho gukundwa kubera ingaruka zayo zo hasi.
Kode iranga
Kugira ngo byorohereze inzira yo gutunganya, amacupa ya plastike yanditseho kode iranga resin. Aya code, mubisanzwe iboneka hepfo yicupa, yerekana ubwoko bwa plastike ikoreshwa.
| Kode | Ubwoko bwa plastike | Bisanzwe |
| 1 | Amatungo | Amacupa yoroshye yo kunywa, amacupa y'amazi |
| 2 | Hdpe | Amata yamata, amacupa ya shampoo |
| 3 | Pvc | Guteka amacupa ya peteroli, amacupa yo kumenya |
| 4 | Ldpe | Amacupa yaka, amacupa yo kwisiga |
| 5 | Pp | Amacupa yubuvuzi, amacupa ya Ketchup |
| 6 | PS | Ibikoresho byogurt, guhagarika umutima |
| 7 | Ikindi | Ivanga rya plastiki, Polycarbonate |
Mugusobanukirwa aya code, abaguzi barashobora gutondekanya neza imyanda yabo kugirango basubirwemo. Ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya byakiriye plastiki byanditseho 1 na 2, nkuko bimeze muburyo busanzwe butunganijwe.
Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe birashobora kandi kwemera Plastike byanditseho 3 kugeza 7, ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura hamwe nuwatanze amabwiriza yaho agenga umurongo ngenderwaho
Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza mu bikoresho by'icupa rya plastike
Nkimpungenge zijyanye ningaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije amacupa ya plastike akomeje kwiyongera, abashakashatsi ndetse n'abakora barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishya nibisubizo. Ifunguro rimwe ryiterambere ryiterambere ni plastiki zishingiye kuri bio na biodegrapadedadi.
Ibi bikoresho, bikomoka kubikoresho bishobora kongerwa nkikigo cyinkoni cyangwa isukari, bafite amahirwe yo kugabanya ibidukikije amacupa ya plastike. Barashobora gusenyuka byihuse kuruta plastiki gakondo, kugabanya ingano yimyanda irangirira mumyanda.
| Ibikoresho | bikomoka kuri | Biodegradable |
| Pla | Ibigori, isukari | Biodegradedable mubihe byifashe inganda |
| PHA | Viementation | Biodegradenga mubidukikije bitandukanye, harimo marine |
| Bio-pe | Isukari Ethanol | Biodegraderogitable, ariko igabanya imikoreshereze y'ibimaro |
Ikindi gice cyo kwibanda ni ibisubizo bipakikirwa bishya. Abashakashatsi bavuga ibishushanyo bishya nibikoresho bishobora kugabanya ingano ya plastike ikoreshwa mumacupa batabangamiye imikorere yabo.
Kurugero, ibigo bimwe bikura amacupa hamwe nurukuta ruto cyangwa gukoresha ubundi buryo nkikirahure cyangwa aluminium kubicuruzwa bimwe. Abandi bagerageza sisitemu yo gupakira cyangwa byihuse kugirango bagabanye plastike imwe.
Ubushakashatsi niterambere mubikoresho birambye nabyo birashobora kunguka imbaraga. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gukora iperereza ku buryo bushya n'urwego rwo gutanga umusaruro ushobora gukora plastike hamwe no kunonosora, Biodegradadaritality, n'ibidukikije.
Bimwe muribi bintu birimo:
Nkuko tekinoroji itera imbere, turashobora kwitega kubona uburyo bwo gukura amahitamo arambye kumacupa ya plastike. Mugutera inkunga ubushakashatsi niterambere muriki gice, turashobora gukorera mugihe kizaza aho gupakira plastiki bifite ingaruka nke kubidukikije.
Umwanzuro
Muri iki kiganiro, twasuzumye ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugukora amacupa ya plastike, harimo amatungo, hdpe, pvc, ldpe, pp, na Zab. Buri plastiki ifite imitungo idasanzwe, ibyiza, nibibi bituma bikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye.
Gusobanukirwa ibiranga ibi bikoresho ni ngombwa kugirango uhitemo amakuru abijyanye nibicuruzwa tugura nuburyo tubijugunya. Mu kumenya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije amacupa ya plastike, dushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya imyanda no gushyigikira ibisubizo birambye.
