Ese PLA Plastike Biodegradable

Imyanda ya plastike nikibazo cyibidukikije kigenda cyiyongera, bidusunikira gushaka ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije. PLA plastike , ikomoka kubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa, bikunze kuvugwa nkicyatsi kibisi. Ariko se koko PLA irashobora kubora?

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba niba plastike ya PLA isenyuka nkuko byasezeranijwe. Uzamenya ibijyanye na biodegradabilite, ubigereranye na plastiki gakondo, kandi uvumbure ingaruka zifatika. Reka twibire mu kuri inyuma y'ibyifuzo bya PLA.

Plastiki ni iki?

Plasitike ya PLA isobanura plastike ya Acide ya Polylactique. Nubwoko bwa bioplastique ikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori cyangwa ibisheke. Bitandukanye na plastiki gakondo, zikomoka kuri peteroli, plastike ya PLA ikorwa mubutunzi bushingiye ku bimera. Ibi bituma habaho ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kuri plastiki zisanzwe.

Uburyo PLA Plastike Yakozwe

Igikorwa cyo gukora plastike ya PLA gitangirana no gukuramo ibinyamisogwe mubihingwa nkibigori cyangwa ibisheke. Iyi krahisi noneho ihinduka muri dextrose. Binyuze muri fermentation, dextrose ihinduka aside ya lactique. Hanyuma, aside ya lactique ikora polymerisation kugirango ikore PLA. Iyi nzira yose ikoresha umutungo kamere, ishimangira kuramba.

Kugereranya na Plastiki gakondo

Plastiki gakondo ikozwe mu bicanwa. Izi plastiki zishingiye kuri peteroli ntizishobora kwangirika kandi zifata imyaka amagana kugirango zisenyuke. Ibinyuranye, plastike ya PLA irashobora kwangirika kandi ifumbire mvaruganda mubihe byihariye. Yangirika mubintu bisanzwe nkamazi na karuboni ya dioxyde, hasigara ikirere gito cyibidukikije. Ariko, PLA isaba ibikoresho byo gufumbira inganda kubora neza.

Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya PLA Plastike

Plasitike ya PLA irahuze kandi ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Irazwi cyane mu gupakira, itanga ubundi buryo burambye kubikoresho byibiribwa, imifuka, nuducupa. Icapiro rya 3D naryo ryunguka muri PLA, kuko ritanga ibikoresho byizewe byo guhimba desktop na prototyping byihuse. Ibindi bikorwa birimo ibikoresho bikoreshwa, firime yubuhinzi, hamwe nubuvuzi. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bituma PLA ihitamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bigamije kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.

Biodegradable isobanura iki?

Ibisobanuro bya Biodegradability

Ibinyabuzima byangiza ubuzima bivuga ubushobozi bwibintu byo kumeneka no kubora mubintu bisanzwe binyuze mubikorwa bya mikorobe. Ibyo bintu birimo amazi, dioxyde de carbone, na biomass. Iyi nzira ni ngombwa mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije no gucunga imyanda.

Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable, nka plastike ya PLA, yagenewe kubora vuba kuruta plastiki gakondo. Nyamara, ni ngombwa kumva itandukaniro riri hagati yibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika. Ibinyabuzima bisobanura ibinyabuzima bishobora gusenywa na mikorobe mu bihe bikwiye. Ku rundi ruhande, ifumbire mvaruganda, isobanura ko ibikoresho bitavunika gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mu buzima bwubutaka mu kuba ifumbire.

Ibisabwa kugirango ibinyabuzima bigabanuke

Kugirango ibinyabuzima bibeho, ibintu byihariye birakenewe. Ubushyuhe, kuba hari mikorobe, hamwe na ogisijeni byose bigira uruhare runini.

• Ubushyuhe: Plastike nyinshi yibinyabuzima isaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango igabanuke neza. Kurugero, plastike ya PLA ikenera ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 55-70 ° C, mubisanzwe mububiko bwinganda.

• Microorganismes: Bagiteri na fungi nibyingenzi muburyo bwo kubora. Barya plastike bakayihindura mubintu byoroshye.

• Oxygene: Ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere bibaho imbere ya ogisijeni, bikabyara karuboni n'amazi. Anaerobic biodegradation ibaho nta ogisijeni, bivamo metani nibindi bintu kama.

Ese PLA Plastike Biodegradable?

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi kuri PLA Biodegradability

Plasitike ya PLA ikunze kugurishwa nka plastiki ibora. Ariko burya ni biodegradable? Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyansi bwinjiye muri iki kibazo. Abashakashatsi basanze PLA ishobora biodegrade mu bihe byihariye. Ibi birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi no kuba hari mikorobe zimwe na zimwe.

Mubidukikije bigenzurwa nkibikoresho byo gufumbira inganda, gusenyuka kwa PLA birashobora kugaragara vuba. Ibi bikoresho bigumana ubushyuhe bwinshi, mubisanzwe hejuru ya 55-70 ° C, nibyingenzi kubora kwa PLA. Microorganismes muriyi miterere ifasha kumena bioplastique mubintu bisanzwe nkamazi na dioxyde de carbone.

Ariko, hanze yibi bidukikije bigenzurwa, kwangirika kwa PLA biratinda cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mubutaka busanzwe cyangwa mu nyanja, plastike ya PLA ishobora gufata imyaka kugirango isenyuke. Ibi bitera kwibaza kubikorwa bifatika nka plastiki ibora ikoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Impaka n'ibibazo

Mugihe PLA idashobora kwangirika mubitekerezo, imiterere-yisi irerekana ibibazo. Ikibazo kimwe gikomeye nukubura ibikoresho bihagije byo gufumbira inganda. Bitabaye ibyo, PLA ntishobora biodegrade neza. Iyi mbogamizi isobanura ko imyanda myinshi ya PLA irangirira mu myanda, aho yitwara cyane nka plastiki gakondo.

Ikindi gihangayikishije ni ugushinga microplastique. Ndetse no mubihe byiza, PLA ntishobora gusenyuka rwose, hasigara uduce duto twa plastike. Iyi microplastique irashobora kwangiza ibidukikije, cyane cyane ubuzima bwo mu nyanja.

Ijambo 'biodegradable ' naryo rirashobora kuyobya. Abaguzi benshi bemeza ko PLA izangirika bisanzwe mubidukikije byose, ariko sibyo. Bodegradabilite nziza ya PLA isaba ibintu byihariye, akenshi bitujujwe mubikorwa byo guta burimunsi.

Plasitike ya PLA irashobora gufumbirwa?

Ibisobanuro n'inzira yo gufumbira

Ifumbire ni inzira yo kumena ibikoresho kama mubutaka bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri binyuze mu bikorwa bya mikorobe. Ibi birimo inzira karemano aho mikorobe, nka bagiteri na fungi, ibora ibintu kama. Igisubizo ni ifumbire, igicuruzwa cyagaciro gikungahaza ubutaka.

Kuri plastike ya PLA, ifumbire mvaruganda isaba intambwe zihariye. PLA, plastiki ifumbire mvaruganda, igomba gucamo uduce duto. Ibi bice noneho bigaragazwa nubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe mubidukikije bigenzurwa. Microorganismes itwara bioplastique, ikayigabanyamo amazi, dioxyde de carbone, na biomass. Iyi nzira ikora gusa mubikoresho byo gufumbira inganda.

Ibisabwa kugirango ifumbire ya PLA

PLA ibinyabuzima biterwa no kubahiriza ibihe byihariye. Ibidukikije bifumbira ifumbire bigomba gukomeza ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 55-70 ° C. Izi fumbire yubushyuhe bwo hejuru irakenewe kugirango mikorobe ikure neza kandi isenye neza PLA.

Ibikoresho byo gufumbira mu nganda bitanga ibi bihe bigenzurwa. Bakurikirana kandi bakagumana ubushyuhe bukenewe, ubushuhe, na ogisijeni, bigatuma PLA ibora neza. Hatariho ibi bikoresho, ifumbire mvaruganda murugo cyangwa mubutaka busanzwe ntibisanzwe kandi ntacyo bikora.

Inyungu n'imbogamizi

Ifumbire mvaruganda itanga inyungu nyinshi. Ifasha kugabanya imyanda ya PLA mumyanda kandi igira uruhare mubukungu bwizunguruka ihindura imyanda ifumbire mvaruganda. Iyi nzira kandi igabanya ibidukikije bya plastike ya PLA, biteza imbere imikoreshereze irambye yumutungo.

Ariko, hariho ingorane zikomeye. Ikibazo cyibanze nubushobozi buke bwibikoresho byo gufumbira inganda. Imiryango myinshi ibura ibikorwa remezo bikenewe mu ifumbire mvaruganda ya PLA. Ibi bigabanya inyungu zifatika za compostable PLA. Byongeye kandi, niba PLA yarangije imyanda isanzwe, yitwara nka plastiki gakondo, igira uruhare mu kwanduza.

Plasitike ya PLA irashobora gusubirwamo?

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu

PLA plastike, kimwe nibindi binyabuzima, irashobora gukoreshwa, ariko inzira iragoye. Gusubiramo PLA bikubiyemo gukusanya no gutondekanya plastike, hanyuma kuyishonga kugirango ikore ibicuruzwa bishya. Ariko, PLA itunganya ibintu ihura nibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane byanduye.

Kwanduza nikibazo gikomeye mugikorwa cyo gutunganya. PLA irashobora kuvangwa byoroshye nizindi plastiki zidashobora kwangirika, zibangamira imigezi. Ni ukubera ko PLA na plastiki gakondo bifite ingingo zitandukanye zo gushonga hamwe nimiti. Iyo PLA yanduye plastiki ishingiye kuri peteroli, irashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yibikoresho bitunganijwe neza, bigatuma kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha bigorana.

Gukoresha neza PLA bisaba sisitemu yabugenewe itandukanya PLA nubundi bwoko bwa plastiki. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya bidafite ubwo bushobozi, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imyanda ya PLA. Kugira ngo PLA igarure neza, hakenewe gahunda zidasanzwe zo gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho.

Umwuka uva muri PLA

Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma ni imyuka iva muri PLA mugihe cyo gucapa 3D. Iyo plastike ya PLA ikoreshwa mubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D, isohora nanoparticles hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC). Ibyo byuka bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima no ku bidukikije.

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekanye ko PLA isohora ibice nka lactide mugihe cyo gucapa 3D. Izi ngingo zirashobora kwinjira mu bihaha no kwinjira mu maraso, bikaba byangiza ubuzima. Byongeye kandi, filime ya PLA ikunze kuba irimo inyongeramusaruro, zishobora kurekura ibintu byangiza iyo bishyushye.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije ziva mu kirere nazo zirareba. Nubwo PLA igurishwa nka plastiki yangiza ibidukikije, ibyuka bihumanya mugihe cyo guhimba desktop bigira uruhare mukwangiza ikirere. Guhumeka neza hamwe ningamba zumutekano nibyingenzi mugihe ukoresheje PLA mubikorwa byongeweho.

Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bigabanuke, bamwe mu bakora inganda barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye n’imyuka mibi ya PLA no gushyiramo gahunda ya PLA ikoreshwa neza. Izi mbaraga zigamije kugabanya ibidukikije bya PLA no kuzamura ingaruka zirambye.

Gucukumbura Ibindi Bikoresho Byangiza

Ubwoko bwibikoresho bibora

Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima ntibigarukira gusa kuri plastiki ya PLA. Hariho ubundi bwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bishobora kuboneka. Harimo plastike ishingiye kuri krahisi, plastike ishingiye kuri selile, hamwe na polymers biodegradable.

Plastiki ishingiye kuri krahisi ikozwe mubishobora kuvugururwa nkibigori, ibirayi, cyangwa tapioca. Zikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nko gupakira, ibikoresho bikoreshwa, hamwe namashashi. Iyi plastiki irashobora gufumbira kandi ikangirika vuba kuruta plastiki gakondo.

Plastike ishingiye kuri selile ikomoka kumibabi y'ibimera nka pamba cyangwa ibiti. Iyi plastiki yangiza ibidukikije ikoreshwa mubisabwa nka firime, gutwikira, no kuyungurura. Plastike ishingiye kuri selile irashobora kwangirika kandi igira ingaruka nke kubidukikije.

Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika birimo ibikoresho bitandukanye nka polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) na aside polyglycolike (PGA). Izi polymers zagenewe gusenyuka mubihe byihariye kandi zikoreshwa mubikoresho byubuvuzi, gupakira, nibikomoka ku buhinzi.

Ibyiza n'ibibi

Buri bwoko bwibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika bifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Amashanyarazi ashingiye kuri plastike ahendutse kandi yoroshye kubyara. Ariko, ntibishobora kuramba nka plastiki yubukorikori. Barasaba kandi ifumbire mvaruganda igenzurwa kugirango igabanuke neza.

Plastike ishingiye kuri selile itanga biodegradabilite nziza kandi ikomoka kubutunzi burambye. Ikibi cyabo nuko bishobora kuba bihenze kubyara umusaruro kandi ntibishobora kuba bibereye mubisabwa byose.

Biodegradable polymers nka PHAs zirahinduka kandi zirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwihariye. Zitanga ibinyabuzima byiza ariko birashobora kubahenze kandi birashobora gusaba ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gutunganya.

Muri rusange, mugihe ibyo bikoresho bindi bitanga inyungu kubidukikije, birerekana kandi ibibazo mubijyanye nigiciro, igihe kirekire, nibikorwa remezo byo kujugunya neza.

Ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho bibora

Ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bisa nkibyiringiro hamwe nudushya tugenda dutera imbere. Abashakashatsi barimo gutegura ibikoresho bishya bishingiye kuri bio bikora neza kandi bidahenze. Kurugero, gukoresha imyanda yubuhinzi nibindi bicuruzwa kugirango bikore bioplastique bigenda byiyongera.

Ubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D nabwo bugira uruhare mu iterambere mu bikoresho bibora. Udushya mu guhimba desktop no kwihuta kwa prototyping bifasha kurema ibintu bishya byacapwe 3D ukoresheje plastiki yangiza ibidukikije.

Harimo gushyirwaho ingufu mu kongera umusaruro wa PLA no guteza imbere ibikoresho bifumbire mvaruganda. Iterambere rizamura ingaruka zirambye za plastiki zibora kandi bigabanye ibidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Plasitike ya PLA ni plastike itanga ibinyabuzima ikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa. Irabora mubihe byihariye nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Gusubiramo PLA bihura nibibazo, cyane cyane kwanduza. Ibyuka bihumanya mugihe cyo gucapa 3D bigira ingaruka kubuzima no kubidukikije. Ibindi bikoresho biodegradable bitanga inyungu ariko kandi bifite ibibi.

Koresha PLA ubishinzwe kandi uyijugunye neza. Ibikoresho byo gufumbira mu nganda ni ngombwa. Abaguzi n'ababikora bagomba guteza imbere kuramba. Hitamo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi ushyigikire udushya twatsi.