Iimbono: 115 Umbhali: Umhleli we-Gades Spawsish Ixesha: 2024-05-30 Imvelaphi: Indawo
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamoya ziguquka ngendlela esiyigcina ngayo kunye nokuhambisa iimveliso. Ngaba ukhe uzibuze ukuba igcina njani intsha nokuthintela ungcoliseko? Le tekhnoloji yokupakisha intsha ibalulekile kuwo onke amashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-cosmetics kwiindawo zamayeza.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zisungula ukuvezwa komoya, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nobomi obude. Kule posi, uyakufunda malunga noomatshini abasemva kwe-pumps engenamntu, kwaye kutheni belukhethekile kwiimpawu ezininzi. Hlala uphonononge ikamva letekhnoloji yokupakisha.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamzimba zizinto ezinokutsha kwezinto ezinokuphelisa iimveliso ngelixa zigcina iziqulatho zazo zivela emoyeni kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Bayakhula ngakumbi kumashishini e-cosmetic kunye ne-shycare ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukugcina izithako ezibuthathaka kwaye bandise ubomi beShelsi.
Ngokungafaniyo neebhotile zemveli zemveli ezixhomekeke kwi-dip ityhubhu kwaye ivumele umoya ukuba ufake isikhongozelo ngokusetyenziswa nganye, iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zibonisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo yendawo. Le nkqubo ithintela ioksijini ukuba inganxibelelani nemveliso, ngaloo ndlela sinciphise i-oxidation kunye nokukhula kwentsholongwane.
Umxholo wophawulo olungenamntu ujikeleze ukusukela phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho kude kube yiminyaka yakutshanje ekutshanjeni ukuba itekhnoloji iqhubekisele kuyo ibhotile, efanelekileyo yempompo yempompo esiyaziyo namhlanje. Njengoko abathengi bafuna iimveliso ezininzi zendalo kunye nezilondolozo, abavelisi baguqukela ekupakishwe ngaphandle komphefumlo njengesisombululo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhotile zemveli zemveli, iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zibonelela izibonelelo ezininzi:
I-Shelf ye-Shelf yoBomi
Ukukhuselwa kwi-oxidation kunye nongcoliseko
I-Pocie Sokhokho kunye nenkunkuma encinci
Indlela yokuhambisa icocekile ngakumbi
Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa zokwenza izinto
Yenza | yemveli yemveli | impompo |
---|---|---|
Ukuvezwa komoya | Ivumela umoya ukuba ungenise usebenzisa i | Kuthintela umoya ukuba ungangeni |
Inkunkuma yemveliso | Ihlala ishiya intsalela emazantsi | Ukuhlaselwa phantse yonke imveliso |
Izinto ezilondolozo | Ifuna okungaphezulu ukukhusela ungcoliseko | Inokusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwenkqubo ye-airtight |
Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wempompo wempompo engenamoya, masijonge ngakumbi kwizinto zabo eziphambili kunye nendlela entsha yokufumana i-vacuguesm ekhokelela kwiphakeji yemveli.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zinamacandelo aliqela asebenza kunye ukuze enze indawo etywiniweyo, engenabantu engenalo kwimveliso:
Ibhotile yebhotile: Le yintsimbi yangaphandle ephethe imveliso. Ihlala yenziwa ngeplasitiki okanye yeglasi eqinileyo, kuxhomekeka kwizinto azithandayo.
Izixhobo zePlasitini: ngaphakathi kwebhotile, uya kufumana iPiston yeplastiki enyuka njengemveliso isetyenzisiwe. Le piston ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokuhamba moya.
I-diaphragm yangaphakathi: Idayaphragm yi-membrane eguquguqukayo ejikeleze ipiston. Kuyanceda ukudala i-vacuum kwaye ithintela umoya ekubeni ungangeni kwibhotile.
I-Pump CHER: Ngaphezulu kwebhotile, intloko yempompo yinxalenye yoxinzelelo lomsebenzisi kwimveliso. Inxibelelana neendlela zangaphakathi kwaye iqinisekisa inani elichanekileyo likhutshiwe ngempompo nganye.
Imfihlo ye-pumps engenalo i-pumps engenasimo esikhethekileyo. Nantsi indlela isebenza ngayo:
Xa umsebenzisi kunqumama kwintloko yempompo, kudala uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwebhotile. Olu xinzelelo lukunyanzela i-piston ukuba inyukele phezulu, ityhala imveliso ngempompo kwaye ngaphandle kwe-nozzle.
Njengoko ipiston iphakama, idala i-vacuum kwindawo eshiyekileyo. I-diaphragm yangaphakathi inceda ukugcina le vacuum ngokuthintela nawuphi na umoya ukuba ungayicimi ibhotile.
Ngempompo nganye elandelayo, ipiston iyaqhubeka inyuka, igcina i-vacuum kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso isasazwa ngaphandle kongcoliseko lomoya.
Ngoku siqonde izinto eziphambili kunye nendlela ye-vacuum, masihambe ngenkqubo yenyathelo lenyathelo lokusasaza imveliso kwibhotile ye-pump engenasimo somoya:
Umsebenzisi ucinezela kwintloko yempompo, ukudala uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwibhotile.
Ingcinezelo inyanzelisa i-piston ukuba inyukele phezulu, ityhala imveliso ngempompo.
Imveliso isasazwa nge-nozzle kwisixa esichanekileyo.
Njengoko ipiston iphakama, idala i-vacuum kwisithuba esingezantsi, ukuthintela umoya ukuba ungangeni.
I-diaphragm yangaphakathi igcina i-vacuum, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngcongconi yomoya kuyenzeka.
Xa umsebenzisi ekhupha intloko yempompo, ibuyela kwindawo yayo yoqobo, ilungele ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zempompo zemveli ezixhomekeke kwi-dip ityhubhu kwaye ivumele umoya ukuba ungene kwibhotile esebenzisa ibhotile nganye, iibhotile ezingenamzimba zibonelela ngesisombululo esinobuchule nesisebenzayo. Bayahlula imveliso ukusuka phezulu ezantsi, baqinisekisa ukuba yonke ithontsi lokugqibela lisetyenziswa kwaye linciphise inkunkuma.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zibonelela ngoluhlu lwezibonelelo ezibenza babe lukhetho oluphezulu lokupakisha iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-SkerCare ukuya kumayeza. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo ezi zikhonza zinezixhobo eziyimveliso ezibonelela.
Esona sibonelelo sibalulekileyo sebhotile ye-pumps engenamntu kukukwazi ukwandisa ubomi beemveliso zeshelufu. Ngokuthintela ioksijini kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezivela kwisitya, zikhusela imixholo ekunikeni i-oxidation kunye nentshukumo.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimveliso eziqukethe izithako ezibuthathaka, ezinje ngeVitamin C okanye i-retinol. Ezi zinto zisebenzayo zinokuphulukana ne-potency yazo xa zityhilwe kumoya, ukukhanya, okanye iintsholongwane.
Ityala lokwenyani lehlabathi libonakalisile ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuphapha moya kubudlela bobomi beshelup. Umzekelo, isifundo sejenali yeHlabathi yeNtengiso yeCosmetic ifumanise ukuba i-vicumi ye-vitamin C igcinwe kwibhotile yenqwelomoya igcine uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiinyanga ezili-12, kuthelekiswa neenyanga ezintathu kwiphakheji nje.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu ziphezulu ekuboneleleni ngokhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lweemveliso. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zoSkercare kunye nezicelo zamayeza, apho isicelo esingaguqukiyo nesichanekileyo sibalulekile kwiziphumo kwaye ukhuseleko.
Indlela yokuphumla iqinisekisa ukuba isixa esithile semveliso sisasazwa ngempompo nganye, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-Over okanye ophantsi. Eli nqanaba lolawulo luphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nolwaneliseko, njengoko abathengi banokufumana ngokulula iziphumo ozifunayo ngaphandle kwenkunkuma okanye ukuqagela.
Ngapha koko, i-dosike Presing Presing inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzisi bafumana izibonelelo ezigcweleyo zemveliso, njengoko izithako ezisebenzayo zihanjiswa kwiingcinezelo ekujongwa kuzo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumayeza okanye unyango olufuna ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kwimiyalelo yedosi.
Elinye ilungelo elinokubakho ngenxa yeebhotile zempompo ezingenamoya kukukwazi kwabo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko. Ngokuthintela umoya kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle ezivela kwikhontelo, zenza imeko ye-Stendele eunyula ukukhula kweentsholongwane kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms.
Oku kuyingenelo ikakhulu kwiimveliso ezingenamsebenzi okanye ziqulathe izithako zendalo, njengoko zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukukhula kwentsholongwane. Itekhnoloji yenqwelomoya ivumela ezi mveliso ukuba zigcine ubunyulu babo kunye nokusebenza kwazo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhulisa iikhemikhali.
Ukongeza, umngcipheko wokungcoliseka olwenziweyo wenza iibhotile ze-pump ezingenamntu, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweemveliso ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka, ezinjengeenxa zonke emehlweni okanye kwisikhumba se-acne. Ngokuncitshiswa kokungeniswa kweebhaktiriya, banokukunceda ukuthintela ukosuleleka kunye nokucaphukisa.
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamzimba zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo ezihambelana nemfuno ekhulayo yezisombululo ezizinzileyo. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingaphantsi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma, banegalelo kwindlela e-eco engakumbi yokupakisha imveliso.
Iibhotile ezininzi ezingenamntu zenziwa kwizinto ezingenasiseko ze-BPA kunye neziphithileyo, ekuqinisekiseni ukuba bakhuselekile kubo bobabini abathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ezi zinto zinezomeleleyo zikwavumela iibhotile ukuba ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zincitshiswe, ngakumbi ukunciphisa ifuthe labo lendalo.
Ngaphaya koko, idosi echanekileyo kunye nokusasaza ngokupheleleyo kweemveliso ezingenambhobho wempompo ongenamoya zibonelela ngoncedo lokunciphisa inkunkuma. Ukupakisha ngokwesintu kuhlala kushiya imveliso yentsalela kwisitya, esikhokelela ekuchitheni okungafunekiyo kunye nokunyusa umthwalo wendalo.
yeNzuzo | Inzuzo |
---|---|
Ubomi olwandisiweyo yeshesi | Khusela izithako ezibuthathaka, gcina i-potency yemveliso |
Idosi | Iqinisekisa usetyenziso olungaguqukiyo, luphucula amava omsebenzisi |
Ukuncitshiswa kongcoliseko | Younkothisa ukukhula kwentsholongwane, ilungele iimveliso zangaphakathi ezingenamsebenzi |
Izibonelelo zeNdalo esingqongileyo | Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincinci, inkunkuma encitshisiweyo, ukhetho olunokuphinda lusebenziseka |
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zifumene izicelo ezibanzi kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yezibonelelo zazo ezizodwa kunye noyilo olulupolisayo. Ukusuka kwi-cosmetics kwi-Pharmseuticals kunye nokulungiswa kokutya, ezi zikhongozeli ziguqukele kwindlela iimveliso ezipakishwe kwaye zasasazwa.
I-cosmetics kunye noShishino lweSkhure lwenziwe ngenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-repts ezingenamsebenzi. Iimpawu ezininzi zokunethethwano ziye zamkela le teknoloji ukukhusela iifom zazo eziphezulu kwaye zibonelela ngamava abasebenzisi.
Ukupakisha okungenamntu kulungele imveliso equkethe izithako ezisebenzayo, ezinjengee-vitamin C.ums, i-retinol crems, kunye ne-hyalun gels gad. Ezi fomu zithambekele ekunikezelweni kwe-oxidation kunye ne-Degradiya xa ityhilwe ngomoya, ukukhanya, okanye iintsholongwane.
Eminye imizekelo ethandwayo yemveliso ye-cosmetic idla ngokubandakanya iibhotile ezingenamntu zibandakanya:
I-Anti-Age Guing Secums
Abanyibilikisi kunye ne-potions
Iikhrim zeliso
Iziseko ezingamanzi
Ilanga
Iimpawu zobunewunewu ezinolusu ezinjenge-SAMER, SC-II, u-Estée Lauger unako ukupakisha umoya kwimigca yazo yemveliso, eqonda izibonelelo ezibonelela ngokunyaniseka kwimveliso kunye namava abasebenzisi.
Umzi mveliso wamayeza ukwamkela iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu, ngakumbi amayeza kunye nonyango olufuna ukhuseleko oluchanekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kungcoliseko. Baqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezibuthathaka zihlala zizinzile kwaye ziyasebenza ebomini babo bonke ubomi babo.
Ukupakisha okungenamntu kubaluleke kakhulu kumayeza aqhutywa kakhulu, njengekhrim, offs, kunye ne-gels. Le fomulages ihlala inamathafa asebenzayo amayeza (APIS) onokuthi ahlawule xa evezwa ngumoya okanye intsholongwane.
Imizekelo yeemveliso zamachiza eziqhele ukusebenzisa iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu kubandakanya:
I-antiibiotics ye-antifiotics kunye nee-antifotics
I-CORTICOSTOMID CRORS
I-hormone yokutshintsha kwe-Porapies
Iifilimu zefilimu kunye nezinye izixhobo
I-pumps engenamntu ibonelela ngendawo engcolileyo nelawulwa kwezi mveliso ezibuthathaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaguli bafumana unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.
Ngelixa kuncinci kunezicombulo kunye namayeza, iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zifumene izicelo kumzi-mveliso wokulungisa ukutya. Banokunceda ukwandisa ubomi beshelufa yeemveliso zokutya ezithile kwaye banike indlela efanelekileyo yokusasaza.
Eminye imizekelo yeemveliso zokutya ezinokuthi zizuze kwiphakheji yenqwelomoya iquka:
Iisosi kunye neendlela
Isiraphu kunye nobusi
Ioyile kunye neevinigi
Iimveliso zobisi, ezinjenge-cream okanye i-yogurt
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zinokukunceda ukukhusela i-oxidation kunye nefutha zale mveliso, ukugcina incasa yakho entsha kunye nencasa yexesha elide. Bakwabonelela ngamava alawulayo kwaye angama-Am-MADS angenasiphelo kubathengi.
Ukongeza, ukupakisha okungenamntu kunokuba luncedo kwiimveliso zokutya ezinovelwano, njengokutya komntwana okanye izongezelelo zesondlo. Ngokuthintela ukungeniswa kweebhaktiriya kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, baqinisekisa ukuba ezi mveliso zihlala zikhuselekile.
Njengoko iibhotile ze-pump ezingenamzimba ziyaqhubeka nokuthandwa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, amashishini amaninzi afuna iindlela zokwenza ezi zikhongozeli zokwenza ukuba zilungelelanise nentengiso yabo yokhuphiswano.
Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zebhotile yempompo engenamntu kukukwazi ukwenza izisombululo ezenziwe ngokwesiko ezihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo i-brand ye-brand ye-brand kunye nemfuneko. Ukusuka kwiimilo ezizodwa kunye nobukhulu kwimibala ethile kwaye ugqibile, amathuba okuzuza ngokwezifiso ayinasiphelo.
Ukwenza iphakheji yenqwelomoya ivumela iibhloko ze-cubrand ukwenza inkangeleko eyahlukileyo eqhubekayo kubaphulaphuli babo ekujolise kubo kwaye bomeleza isazisi sabo sophawu. Ikwanokunceda ukwahlula iimveliso zabo kubakhuphiswano kwaye idale amava angalibalekiyo abangalibalekiyo.
Eminye imizekelo yokhetho lokwenza ngokwezifiso lweebhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zibandakanya:
Imilo yebhotile eyahlukileyo, ezinjengesikwere, i-oval, okanye uyilo lwe-asymmetrical
Imibala yesiqhelo kwaye igqitywe, kubandakanya isinyithi, matte, okanye iziphumo zegrafu
Ukubhalwa kweBhorimu, njengokubhabha okanye iilogo eziprintiweyo kunye nesicatshulwa
Abenzi-sicelo abakhethekileyo, njengebrashi okanye i-spatulas, kwisicelo semveliso ekujoliswe kuyo
Ngokusebenza kunye nabathengisi beephakheji abanamava, ii-brand zinokuzisa umbono wabo ebomini kwaye zenze iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu ezimele iimveliso kunye neenqobo zabo.
Njengokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ngenxa yoko lenza amathuba okwenza uyilo oluhle kunye nezixhobo kwiibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu. Abavelisi bahlala betyhala imida ukwenza izisombululo ezifanelekileyo, ezizinzileyo nezinobuhlobo.
Imbonakalo enye ebonakalayo kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-eco-ges, ezinjengemva kweplastiki ezihlaziyiweyo okanye i-bistins esebenzayo. Ezi zixhobo zinciphisa ifuthe lendalo esingqongileyo lenkunkuma yokupakisha ngelixa isabonelela ngeengenelo zetekhnoloji engenamntu.
Enye indlela eyahlulelayo kukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ye-smart kwizifo zempompo zenqwelomoya. Abanye abavelisi bavavanya amanqaku afana nokulandela umkhondo we-Dose, izikhumbuzo, kwaye nezindululo zolusu ezisisiseko ezisekwe kwidatha yomsebenzisi.
Ikamva leTekhnoloji ye-pump engenankathalo liyavuyisa, linokubakho kwiimpawu eziphezulu nangakumbi zokhetho. Njengoko ii-rands ziyaqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwemveliso, amava omsebenzisi, kunye nokuzinza, sinokulindela ukubona izinto ezintsha kule ndawo.
Ngelixa iibhotile zempompo ezingenamzimba zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde izinto zobugcisa zokugcwalisa nokuzigcina ekuqinisekiseni intsebenzo efanelekileyo kunye nokunyaniseka kwemveliso. Masiphathe kwinkqubo yokugcwalisa ezi zikhongozelo kwaye uphonononge i-tips eqhelekileyo.
Ukuzalisa iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zifuna ukuchaneka kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso isasazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweepokotshi zomoya. Nantsi isikhokelo senyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo kwinkqubo yokugcwalisa:
Lungisa imveliso ngokweemfuno zokuqulunqwa.
Hlambulula iibhotile zempompo zenqwelomoya kunye nezinto zokuthintela ungcoliseko.
Sebenzisa umatshini wokuzalisa okubekiweyo owenzelwe ukupakishwa ngaphandle komphefumlo.
Umatshini uza kuzalisa iibhotile ukusuka ezantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho moya ubanjiwe.
Njengoko imveliso izaliswe, ipiston iya kuphakama ukuba isebenze ulwelo.
Nje ukuba zizaliswe, iibhotile zitywinwe ngentloko yempompo kunye ne-cap.
Iitsheki zolawulo ezisemgangathweni zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokugcwalisa ngokupheleleyo ukugcina ingqibelelo yenkqubo yokuhamba moya. Aba matshini benzelwe ukuba bazalise iibhotile ngendlela egcina i-vacuum kwaye uthintele naluphi na umoya ukuba ungangeni kwisitya.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhotile zempompo zakho ze moya ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba wazi izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuzithemba. Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso kunye nezisombululo kwiingxaki ezinokubakho:
Ukuvalwa: Ukuba impompo iba ivuliwe, zama ukubaleka amanzi ashushu ngayo ukuze uchithe naluphi na intsalela. Unokusebenzisa inaliti entle ukucoca umngxunya wokusasaza.
Ukuvuza: Ukuba ibhotile ivuza, jonga ukuba intloko yempompo iqhotyoshelwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ipiston itywinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayityaki kakhulu okanye ibaleka, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukuvuza.
Impompo engapheliyo: Ukuba impompo ayisebenzi imveliso, kunokufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe. Thobisa ngobunono intloko amaxesha ambalwa de ibe imveliso iqala ukuhamba. Ukuba oku akusebenzi, jonga naziphi na iibhloksi okanye ukonakaliswa kwenkqubo yempompo.
UPiston akavukeli: Ukuba i-piston ayikanyuki njengoko imveliso igxothwe, kunokubakho umba kunye netywina le-vacuum. Jonga naziphi na izinto okanye ukonakala kwibhotile okanye ipiston, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imveliso izaliswe kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokucocwa kweebhotile zempompo zenqwelomoya kunokunceda ukuthintela le micimbi kwaye kwandise ubomi bokupakisha. Ezinye iingcebiso zokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo zibandakanya:
Ukugcina iibhotile kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kude nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo
Ukugcina intloko yempompo kunye nendawo ejikelezileyo icocekile kwaye ingena kwintsalela
Ukuphepha ukugqobhoza iibhotile, njengoko oku kunokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-vacuum
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo iibhotile ngazo naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo okanye ukunxiba
Iibhotile zempompo ezingenamntu zisebenzisa indlela yokugcina izinto zokugcina kunye nokuhambisa iimveliso ngokufanelekileyo. Bayakuthintela ukuvezwa komoya, ukugcina ubutsha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ezi bhotsi zilungele i-cosmetics, ulusu, amayeza, kunye nokulungiswa kokutya.
Qwalasela ukutshintshela kwibhotile ye-pump engenamntu ngenxa yezibonelelo zabo ezininzi, kubandakanya inkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko. Babonelela ngedosini echanekileyo kwaye bandise ubomi beShelsi yeMveliso.
Ukufumana izisombululo zesiqhelo okanye ulwazi oluthe kratya, nxibelelana nathi namhlanje. Yamkela ikamva lokupakisha kunye neebhotile zempompo ezingenamntu!